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Increasing Fatty Acid Oxidation Remodels the Hypothalamic Neurometabolome to Mitigate Stress and Inflammation

Title
Increasing Fatty Acid Oxidation Remodels the Hypothalamic Neurometabolome to Mitigate Stress and Inflammation
Author(s)
McFadden, Joseph W.Aja, SusanLi, QunBandaru, Veera V. R.Kim, Eun KyoungHaughey, Norman J.Kuhajda, Francis P.Ronnett, Gabriele V.
Issued Date
2014-12
Citation
PLoS ONE, v.9, no.12
Type
Article
Keywords
ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESSACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASEDIET-INDUCED OBESITYCARNITINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE-IREGULATES FOOD-INTAKEINSULIN-RESISTANCELIVER-DISEASEMITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTIONSYNTHASE INHIBITORLIPID-ACCUMULATION
ISSN
1932-6203
Abstract
Modification of hypothalamic fatty acid (FA) metabolism can improve energy homeostasis and prevent hyperphagia and excessive weight gain in diet-induced obesity (DIO) from a diet high in saturated fatty acids. We have shown previously that C75, a stimulator of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1) and fatty acid oxidation (FAOx), exerts at least some of its hypophagic effects via neuronal mechanisms in the hypothalamus. In the present work, we characterized the effects of C75 and another anorexigenic compound, the glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) inhibitor FSG67, on FA metabolism, metabolomics profiles, and metabolic stress responses in cultured hypothalamic neurons and hypothalamic neuronal cell lines during lipid excess with palmitate. Both compounds enhanced palmitate oxidation, increased ATP, and inactivated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in hypothalamic neurons in vitro. Lipidomics and untargeted metabolomics revealed that enhanced catabolism of FA decreased palmitate availability and prevented the production of fatty acylglycerols, ceramides, and cholesterol esters, lipids that are associated with lipotoxicity-provoked metabolic stress. This improved metabolic signature was accompanied by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and yet favorable changes in oxidative stress, overt ER stress, and inflammation. We propose that enhancing FAOx in hypothalamic neurons exposed to excess lipids promotes metabolic remodeling that reduces local inflammatory and cell stress responses. This shift would restore mitochondrial function such that increased FAOx can produce hypothalamic neuronal ATP and lead to decreased food intake and body weight to improve systemic metabolism. © 2014 McFadden et al.
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/2986
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0115642
Publisher
Public Library of Science
Related Researcher
  • 김은경 Kim, Eun-Kyoung
  • Research Interests Neural functions in metabolic diseases; 뇌신경세포와 비만; 당뇨 등의 대사 질환 관련 연구
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10.1371_journal.pone.0115642.pdf

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Appears in Collections:
Department of Brain Sciences Lab of Neuro-Metabolism & Neurometabolomic Research Center 1. Journal Articles

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