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High-Spatiotemporal-Resolution Transparent Thermoelectric Temperature Sensor Arrays Reveal Temperature-Dependent Windows for Reversible Photothermal Neuromodulation

2026-03-03T01:10:13Z

Title: High-Spatiotemporal-Resolution Transparent Thermoelectric Temperature Sensor Arrays Reveal Temperature-Dependent Windows for Reversible Photothermal Neuromodulation Author(s): Lee, Junhee; Yoon, Dongjo; Lee, Jungha; Kim, Duhee; Kim, Eunui; Yoon, Jong-Hyeok; Kwon, Hyuk-Jun; Chung, Seungjun; Nam, Yoonkey; Kang, Hongki Abstract: Photothermal neural stimulation enables optical excitation or inhibition of neural activity depending on the dynamics of localized temperature changes, offering high spatial resolution without genetic modification. However, quantitative analysis of these temperature dynamics remains limited due to the lack of suitable direct sensing technologies, posing a challenge to the safe and controlled application of photothermal neural stimulation techniques. This challenge is addressed by developing transparent thermoelectric temperature sensor arrays with high spatiotemporal resolution, integrated with electrical and optical recording capabilities. These microscale sensors stably and accurately capture rapid temperature increases and decreases, and thermal equilibrium induced by thermo-plasmonic effects at the neural interface, regardless of the environment. The multifunctional platform allows simultaneous electrical and optical monitoring of neural responses during the photothermal stimulation, enabling detailed analysis of the correlation between localized temperature changes and neural activities. a reversible neural inhibition window (1.4-4.5 degrees C) and thresholds for irreversible damage (>6.1 degrees C) are identifyed. Using high temporal-resolution sensing, localized thermo-plasmonic temperature dynamics over tens of milliseconds, and associated neural signal suppression and reactivation are captured. This approach provides unprecedented insight into the interplay between photothermal effects and neural activity, establishing a foundation for precise, temperature-guided neuromodulation therapies and advanced neural circuit research.

Translational reprogramming of dentate gyrus peptidergic circuitry gates antidepressant efficacy

2026-02-05T10:40:16Z

Title: Translational reprogramming of dentate gyrus peptidergic circuitry gates antidepressant efficacy Author(s): Seo-Jin Oh; Jin-jyeok Jang; Jean-Pierre Roussarie; Gyeong-un Jang; Min-seok Jeong; Yeon Suk Jo; Chang-Hoon Shin; Hongsoo Choi; Kwang Lee; Yoon, Jong-Hyeok; Yong-Seok Oh Abstract: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) exhibit delayed therapeutic effects despite rapid serotonin elevation, suggesting their dependence on slow neuroplastic adaptations. Here, we demonstrate that antidepressant actions require cell type-specific translational regulation of the peptidergic signaling in the dentate gyrus (DG). Chronic, but not acute, treatment with an SSRI fluoxetine (FLX) selectively enhances translational activity in hilar mossy cells (MCs), with no detectable changes in neighboring granule cells (GCs). Combining Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP) with RNA sequencing revealed distinct baseline translatomes between these two glutamatergic neurons and identified FLX-induced remodeling of peptidergic pathways in the DG. Crucially, we discovered MC-specific enrichment of the neuropeptide PACAP, which undergoes translation-dependent upregulation by chronic FLX treatment. This PACAP induction mediates neuroadaptive plasticity in PAC1 receptor-expressing GCs and drives behavioral responses prominently in female mice during prolonged FLX administration. Our findings establish cell type-specific translational reprogramming as a novel mechanistic framework for antidepressant action.

Design and Analysis of ΔΣ Modulator Analogous Bang-Bang Digital PLL

2026-02-05T13:10:18Z

Title: Design and Analysis of ΔΣ Modulator Analogous Bang-Bang Digital PLL Author(s): Park, Minsu; Yoon, Jong-Hyeok; Song, Minyoung Abstract: This paper presents the analysis and design methodology of a second-order ΔΣ modulator analogous bang-bang digital phase-locked loop (DSBPLL). When the bang-bang-based digital PLL (BB-DPLL) cannot fully track the DCO jitter, the jitter slewing effect exacerbates the in-band noise. The proposed DSBPLL can increase the PLL filter order without using a high-order loop filter, thereby mitigating the in-band noise caused by input tracking jitter. Theoretical noise analysis confirmed that the proposed DSBPLL can reduce 54.3% of the integrated jitter from 100 kHz to 100 MHz, consistent with the measurement results.

Hexagonal metal complex based mechanically robust transparent ultrathin gold μECoG for electro-optical neural interfaces

2025-08-22T04:40:13Z

Title: Hexagonal metal complex based mechanically robust transparent ultrathin gold μECoG for electro-optical neural interfaces Author(s): Kim, Duhee; Bissannagari, Murali; Kim, Boil; Hong, Nari; Park, Jaeu; Lim, Hyeongtae; Lee, Junhee; Lee, Jungha; Kim, Yoon Kyoung; Cho, Youngjae; Lee, Kwang; Lee, Junghyup; Yoon, Jong-Hyeok; Jang, Jae Eun; Tsai, David; Lee, Sanghoon; Kwon, Hyuk-Jun; Choe, Han Kyoung; Kang, Hongki Abstract: Transparent electro-optical neural interfacing technologies offer simultaneous high-spatial-resolution microscopic imaging, and high-temporal-resolution electrical recording and stimulation. However, fabricating transparent, flexible, and mechanically robust neural electrodes with high electrochemical performance remains challenging. In this study, we fabricated transparent (72.7% at 570 nm), mechanically robust (0.05% resistance change after 50k bending cycles) ultrathin Au microelectrodes for micro-electrocorticography (mu ECoG) using a hexadentate metal-polymer ligand bonding with an EDTA/PSS seed layer. These transparent mu ECoG arrays, fabricated with biocompatible gold, exhibit excellent electrochemical properties (0.73 Omegacm2) for neural recording and stimulation with long-term stability. We recorded brain surface waves in vivo, maintaining a low baseline noise and a high signal-to-noise ratio during acute and two-week recordings. In addition, we successfully performed optogenetic modulation without light-induced artifacts at 7.32 mW/mm2 laser power density. This approach shows great potential for scalable, implantable neural electrodes and wearable optoelectronic devices in digital healthcare systems.