https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/1921 2026-08-25T23:30:29Z https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/60674 Title: TENG-Driven Electrotherapy: A Self-Powered Approach to Inducing Cancer Cell Apoptosis Author(s): Ramu, Dandugudumula; Hajra, Sugato; Panda, Swati; Kaja, Kushal Ruthvik; Mishra, Yogendra Kumar; Kim, Hoe Joon; Kim, Eunjoo Abstract: Most of the cancer-related deaths are caused by metastasis, which also remains a significant obstacle to successful clinical management. Even though several anti-metastatic treatments have been put forth, systemic toxicity, low cellular responsiveness, and drug resistance typically undermine their therapeutic efficacy. Although triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have become highly effective self-powered electrical therapies for biomedical applications, their potential as an active treatment tool for metastasis suppression has not yet been fully investigated. Here, we present a self-powered TENG-driven electrotherapeutic approach that suppresses early lung cancer cell migration in vitro by carefully regulated electrical stimulation. Electrical stimulation at 60 V and 760 nA for 5 min disrupted redox homeostasis and induced caspase-3-mediated apoptotic death of A549 cells. TENG-based electrical therapy serves as a self-powered electrical stimulation source that triggers apoptosis in cancer cells by activating the caspase-3/PARP pathway. These results raise possibilities for TENGs not merely as energy-harvesting devices but as active, mechanistic electrotherapeutic platforms, converting mechanical energy into controlled electrical signals that initiate apoptotic cell death pathways in cancer cells. 2026-06-30T15:00:00Z https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/60669 Title: Flexible and Self-Powered Wearable Sensors for Tremor Monitoring in Parkinson'S Disease: Recent Advances in Materials and Device Architectures Author(s): Ukasi, Sirinya; Hajra, Sugato; Kim, Hoe Joon; Sriphan, Saichon; Pongampai, Satana; Charoonsuk, Thitirat; Vittayakorn, Naratip Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder where tremor remains one of the most prominent anddisabling motor symptoms. Traditional clinical rating scales for disease severity rely on clinician observation and patient self-report, often failing to capture the dynamic and continuous nature of tremors in daily life. This drives the development of objectivemonitoring technologies, such as wearable sensors, for more accurate evaluation of PD severity. However, many existing systemsuse rigid materials that lack the mechanical compliance and skin conformability required for stable biointegration. This reviewsummarizes advances in flexible wearable sensors for PD tremor assessment from material innovations to a device engineeringperspective, covering inertial measurement units (IMUs), electromyography (EMG), and emerging self-powered systems such astriboelectric (TENG) and piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG). This review highlightshow functional materials, microstructuraldesign, and device architectures govern sensing mechanisms and performance, with particular emphasis on the transition fromrigid components to soft, skin-interfaced technologies. Recent patent activity reflects a shift toward multimodal, wireless, andclinically integrated platforms. Despite progress, challenges remain, including motion artifacts, durability, and limited large-scale clinical validation. Integration of flexible materials, self-powered designs, and AI-driven analytics enables continuous,personalized monitoring, moving closer to real-world clinical deployment and improved patient care. 2026-07-31T15:00:00Z https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/60628 Title: Intensified microalgal biophotovoltaics using latex-based living biocomposites for enhancing electrical production Author(s): Jaikla, Nanthachai; Hajra, Sugato; Belal, Mohammed; Kaja, Kashal Ruthvik; Kim, Hoe Joon; Ngamcharussrivichai, Chawalit; Thinsurat, Kamon; In-na, Pichaya Abstract: There is a growing demand for employing Internet of Things (IoT) devices and sensors to optimize efficiency and ensure more resilient production systems. However, the widespread use of batteries to power those devices raises concerns over charges running out and environmental concerns. Hence, energy harvesting devices have emerged as a sustainable alternative by converting ambient energy sources (e.g. light, heat, or vibration) into usable power. Among these, biophotovoltaics (BPVs) utilize photosynthetic microorganisms to generate electricity, offering advantages such as environmental compatibility, self-repair, and nighttime operation, representing an ideal device for continuous low-power applications. To address the low power output of BPVs, this study introduces a novel approach using latex-based living biocomposites technology incorporating the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris TISTR 8580 immobilized on ITO-PET electrodes using an acrylic latex binder to facilitate transparent, durable film that supports photosynthesis, cell adhesiveness and mass transfer. The fabricated electrodes have been proved to generate biological current. With the developed electrodes, the BPV performance achieved a maximum power density of 0.29 W m−2, which was obtained from a 20:100 binder-to-cell volume ratio, almost five times outperforming the binder-free condition. This ratio balances a sufficient binder concentration to ensure cell retention without exceeding levels that hinder mass transport, biological activity, or introduce cytotoxicity. The integration of living biocomposites technology offers a promising improvement to conventional BPVs, intensifying device performance. and demonstrating practical sensor powering applications. 2026-03-31T15:00:00Z https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/60599 Title: Harvesting energy from friction: the revolutionary decade of triboelectric nanogenerators Author(s): Khanapurarm, Uday Kumar; Rani, Gokana Mohana; Panda Swati; Charoonsuk, Thitirat; Mistewicz, Krystian; Hajra, Sugato; Kaja, Kushal Ruthvik; Umapathi, Reddicherla; Sriphan, Saichon; Jała, Jakub; Divi, Haranath; Smalcerz, Albert; Belal, Mohamed; Jaahnavi, Pannur; Safarkhani, Moein; Kim, Hanseung; Mishra, Yogendra Kumar; Kim, Hoe Joon; Huh, Yun Suk; Vittayakorn, Naratip; Nowacki, Bartłomiej; Ravi, Sai Kishore; Eichhorn, Stephen James; Craciun, Monica F.; Borras, Ana; Khanbareh, Hamideh; Qin, Jiaqian; Rajaboina, Rakesh Kumar Abstract: Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have rapidly developed into a transformative energy harvesting technology, enabling self-powered, sustainable electronic systems. This review offers the first comprehensive, multidisciplinary perspective that connects the physics of triboelectric charge transfer with material innovation, device engineering, and real-world applications. We systematically categorize and measure the triboelectric series across a wide range of materials, including polymers, 2D materials, MOFs, perovskites, cellulose, and biodegradable frameworks, using experimentally validated methods. In addition to traditional approaches, this work highlights emerging strategies such as machine learning-guided material discovery, 3D printing, and advanced structural engineering to improve charge retention, durability, and power output. Unlike existing reviews, it uniquely combines theory and application insights, presents diverse uses from biomedical sensing and environmental monitoring to underwater communication and mechanoluminescence, and outlines a forward-looking plan for sustainable energy harvesting. This comprehensive synthesis serves as an essential resource for researchers and technologists designing next-generation TENGs and multifunctional self-powered devices. 2026-03-31T15:00:00Z