https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/1928 2026-08-13T10:23:21Z https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/60599 Title: Harvesting energy from friction: the revolutionary decade of triboelectric nanogenerators Author(s): Khanapurarm, Uday Kumar; Rani, Gokana Mohana; Panda Swati; Charoonsuk, Thitirat; Mistewicz, Krystian; Hajra, Sugato; Kaja, Kushal Ruthvik; Umapathi, Reddicherla; Sriphan, Saichon; Jała, Jakub; Divi, Haranath; Smalcerz, Albert; Belal, Mohamed; Jaahnavi, Pannur; Safarkhani, Moein; Kim, Hanseung; Mishra, Yogendra Kumar; Kim, Hoe Joon; Huh, Yun Suk; Vittayakorn, Naratip; Nowacki, Bartłomiej; Ravi, Sai Kishore; Eichhorn, Stephen James; Craciun, Monica F.; Borras, Ana; Khanbareh, Hamideh; Qin, Jiaqian; Rajaboina, Rakesh Kumar Abstract: Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have rapidly developed into a transformative energy harvesting technology, enabling self-powered, sustainable electronic systems. This review offers the first comprehensive, multidisciplinary perspective that connects the physics of triboelectric charge transfer with material innovation, device engineering, and real-world applications. We systematically categorize and measure the triboelectric series across a wide range of materials, including polymers, 2D materials, MOFs, perovskites, cellulose, and biodegradable frameworks, using experimentally validated methods. In addition to traditional approaches, this work highlights emerging strategies such as machine learning-guided material discovery, 3D printing, and advanced structural engineering to improve charge retention, durability, and power output. Unlike existing reviews, it uniquely combines theory and application insights, presents diverse uses from biomedical sensing and environmental monitoring to underwater communication and mechanoluminescence, and outlines a forward-looking plan for sustainable energy harvesting. This comprehensive synthesis serves as an essential resource for researchers and technologists designing next-generation TENGs and multifunctional self-powered devices. 2026-03-31T15:00:00Z https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/60535 Title: Biodegradable single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator for self-powered robotic texture sensing Author(s): Hajra, Sugato; Pal, Shibam; Kaja, Kushal Ruthvik; Choi, Yoobin; Panda, Swati; Panigrahi, Basanta Kumar; Kim, Hoe Joon; Wistrand, Anna Finne Abstract: Human tactile acuity relies on the microstructured morphology of the fingertips, which enables sensitive detection of fine surface features during object manipulation. While triboelectric-based self-powered object recognition has gained much attention, conventional triboelectric materials are typically non-biodegradable, contributing to persistent electronic waste. This work focuses on fabricating biodegradable triboelectric interfaces for intelligent robotic texture perception and sustainable energy harvesting. Three biodegradable polymers, polylactide (PLA), poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL), and poly(lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC), were evaluated as negative triboelectric layers against an aluminum electrode to form a single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The PCL/Al TENG achieved a superior electrical output of 118 V and 772 nA, with a peak power of 24.5 & micro;W at 200 M Omega, primarily due to its higher surface roughness enhancing charge transfer. The powering of the low-power electronics and charging of the capacitors using the TENG was demonstrated. In addition, the platform was integrated into a robotic gripper for real-time texture recognition. Combined with a convolutional neural network (CNN), the system achieved 96.9% classification accuracy across eight distinct textures. This sustainable platform reduces environmental impact by using degradable materials while maintaining the mechanical robustness required for advanced robotic sensing. 2026-06-30T15:00:00Z https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/60460 Title: EVA-SrBi2Nb2O9 composites for energy harvesting and AI-integrated finger strength monitoring Author(s): Mohanty, Raj; Kaja, Kushal Ruthvik; Hajra, Sugato; Behera, Swayam Aryam; Panigrahi, Basanta Kumar; Kim, Hoe Joon; Achary, P. Gang Raju Abstract: Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) offer an effective approach for converting ambient mechanical energy into electrical power. In this study, a TENG incorporating a composite film composed of Ethylene-vinyl acetate-SrBi2Nb2O9 (EVA-SBN) is designed and evaluated. The SBN material is synthesised via a solid-state method. When the EVA-SBN 5 wt% triboelectric layer is coupled with PDMS as the counter triboelectric material, the device delivers an output voltage of 154 V, a current of around 334 nA, and a maximum power of 102 mu W. Further, in this work, the demonstration of powering a calculator using TENG was performed. The response of finger impact upon the EVA-SBN/PDMS-based TENG was traced, and using artifical neural network (ANN) based prediction of individual finger strength enables accurate, real-time hand motion recognition for applications in smart rehabilitation, prosthetics, and human-machine interfaces. 2026-04-30T15:00:00Z https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/60361 Title: Transformation of rusted iron into an IDE-based sensor for ethanol detection and self-powered humidity sensing Author(s): Belal, Mohamed Ahmed; Hajra, Sugato; Bayoumy, Ahmed M.; Eldesouki, Mohammed H.; Kaja, Kushal Ruthvik; Panda, Swati; Ramu, Dandugudumula; Abd El-moneim, Ahmed; Achary, P. G. R.; Kim, Hoe Joon Abstract: Volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are highly significant applications with broad potential across multiple fields, including non-invasive disease biomarker monitoring and sustainable energy harvesting for electronic devices. This study reports the synthesis of alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticles derived from recycled iron screws using a closed-system nitric acid leaching process, followed by calcination, offering low-cost, eco-friendly, and added-value products that reduce the negative environmental impacts of waste materials. The synthesized material is thoroughly characterized to investigate its phase purity, surface morphology, and suitability for TENG and ethanolsensing applications. A spray coating technique was employed to deposit the alpha-Fe2O3 ink onto laserinduced graphene interdigitated electrodes (LIG-IDE) fabricated via CO2 laser engraving of a polyimide flexible substrate. The fabricated alpha-Fe2O3-based sensor exhibits multifunctional capabilities, owing to the material's biocompatibility. The alpha-Fe2O3-based sensor exhibits a high performance for ethanol detection at room temperature, with a sensor response of 47 and response/recovery times of 104/126 s, respectively, at 100 ppm. The TENG device exhibits stable output characteristics of 3 V and a maximum power of 9.5 nW. The electrical output from biomechanical motions confirms its potential for energy harvesting applications, and a further self-powered humidity sensor was demonstrated. These results highlight the excellent potential of alpha-Fe2O3 for both TENG applications and VOCs detection, recommending its use in environmental and industrial monitoring. 2026-06-30T15:00:00Z