https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/755 2026-04-04T13:36:42Z https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/47286 Title: What does Being an Expert Mean to the Brain Functional Specificity and Connectivity in Expertise Author(s): 전현애 Abstract: To what extent is varying cognitive expertise reflected in the brain’s functional specificity and connectivity? We addressed this question by examining expertise in mathematics based on the fact that mathematical skills are one of the most critical cognitive abilities known to be a good predictor of academic achievement. We investigated processing of hierarchical structures, which is a fundamental process for building complex cognitive architecture. Experts and nonexperts in mathematics participated in processing hierarchical structures using algebraic expressions. Results showed that a modulating effect depending on expertise was observed specifically in nonexperts in the left inferior frontal gyrus around pars triangularis and frontal sulcus, the left intraparietal sulcus, and the right inferior parietal lobule. This expertise-dependent pattern of activation led to a crucial dissociation within the left prefrontal cortex. More interestingly, task-related functional networks were also modulated differently in the frontoparietal network for relatively good performance and in the frontostriatal network for poor performance. The present study indicates that a high level of expertise is evident in a small number of specific brain regions, whereas a low level of expertise is reflected by broadly distributed brain areas, along with divergent functional connectivity between experts and nonexperts. 2017-01-18T15:00:00Z https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/47179 Title: Processing hierarchical structure in language and non-language domains Author(s): Jeon, Hyeon-Ae 2017-07-20T15:00:00Z https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/47172 Title: 언어와 비언어에서의 층위처리 Author(s): 전현애 2017-08-10T15:00:00Z https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/47167 Title: Hierarchical processing in language and non-language domains Author(s): 전현애 Abstract: Language processing is a trait of human species. The knowledge about its neurobiological basis has been increased considerably over the past decades. In patient studies, various lesions have been known to be related to specific language deficits. In the studies with healthy controls, different brain regions in the left hemisphere have been identified to support particular language functions. In this talk, I will focus on the process characterized by hierarchical and recursive structures and discuss its neural underpinnings in various domains including language. The processing of hierarchically complex sentences is known to recruit Broca’s area. Interestingly, comparisons between language hierarchy and complex hierarchical structures that mimic those of natural languages suggest functional segregation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) determined by two principals: one is a cognitive hierarchy for which cascade of information is represented with a posterior–to–anterior gradient pattern of activations and the other is a degree of automaticity which is confined to the posterior parts of the PFC (Broca’s area) processing complex syntactic hierarchies in natural language. Moreover, this functional specificity of the PFC has been observed in subcortical structures such as caudate nucleus or thalamus substantiated by parallel fascicles showing a high correspondence between functional mapping and structural connectivity. 2017-08-24T15:00:00Z