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Inkjet-Printed BaTiO3 Nanoparticle-Embedded Capacitor Array for Physical Unclonable Function

Sun, 31 May 2026 15:00:00 GMT

Title: Inkjet-Printed BaTiO3 Nanoparticle-Embedded Capacitor Array for Physical Unclonable Function Author(s): Hong, Woongki; Bissannagari, Murali; Cho, Youngjae; Jang, Jae Eun; Kwon, Hyuk-Jun; Kang, Hongki Abstract: Nanoparticle (NP)-based physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have attracted attention as a digital fingerprint technology that alternates with microfabrication-based PUFs by utilizing natural randomness at the nanoscale. Mostly NP-based optical PUFs have been proposed due to the absence of nanomaterial fabrication method compatible with microelectronics, but the need for a bulky optical readout system makes it difficult to utilize them in microelectronics. In this work, we developed the NP-based capacitor PUF (CAP-PUF) technology that can be read electrically and integrated into microelectronics while utilizing the benefit of the natural physical randomness of NPs. We incorporated a high-k BaTiO3 NP inkjet printing micropatterning process for the fabrication of the NP-embedded CAP-PUF array. The inkjet-printing parameters have been optimized to maximize the natural randomness of the BaTiO3 NP micropatterns by increasing the intrinsic stochasticity, especially the fluid dynamics that occurring during the multilayer printing. The BaTiO3 NP-embedded CAP-PUF array shows high security performance, showing the inter-hamming distance of 0.52, uniformity of 0.44, entropy of 0.989, and intra-hamming distance up to 0.064. High-k NP inkjet-printing-based CAP-PUFs can provide highly unique digital fingerprints based on the intrinsic randomness in nanoscale for microelectronics.

Heterojunction Wide-Bandgap Amorphous Metal Oxide High-Voltage Thin-Film Transistors with High Driving Current and Low Process Temperature

Sun, 30 Nov 2025 15:00:00 GMT

Title: Heterojunction Wide-Bandgap Amorphous Metal Oxide High-Voltage Thin-Film Transistors with High Driving Current and Low Process Temperature Author(s): Lee, Jungha; Lee, Junhee; Kim, Duhee; Kwon, Hyuk-Jun; Jang, Jae Eun; Kang, Hongki Abstract: The implementation of high-voltage (HV) applications in monolithic integration has led to increased demand for wide-bandgap high-voltage thin-film transistors (HVTFTs) to solve voltage mismatch problems between HV devices and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits. However, typical HVTFTs possess several limitations, including low driving current due to the drain offset structure and high process temperature (>300 degrees C), limiting high-frequency switching operation and flexible substrate compatibility, thus impeding their application in flexible and wearable HV electronics. This study presents heterojunction wide-bandgap channel-based HVTFTs fabricated using amorphous indium tin zinc oxide (a-ITZO) and indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) to overcome the limitations of the current HVTFTs. Owing to the heterojunction channel layer, we achieved a much higher driving current of >0.37 mA/mm (I-D/W) at V-GS = 210 V and V-DS = 5 V with a flexible-electronics-compatible channel layer annealing temperature (150 degrees C), indicating that the TFTs can be even applied in HV flexible/wearable electronics. Therefore, ITZO/IGZO TFTs can withstand considerably higher power than single-layer IGZO HVTFTs, while exhibiting similar HV breakdown characteristics. Additionally, the ITZO/IGZO HVTFTs demonstrate superior electrical stability under high-voltage-bias conditions compared to conventional IGZO HVTFTs. Thus, heterojunction amorphous metal oxide TFTs are suitable for fast switching flexible HV electronic systems while gate-controlled by CMOS technologies.

Study of active-matrix high-power transistor design for electrical stimulation

Sat, 28 Feb 2026 15:00:00 GMT

Title: Study of active-matrix high-power transistor design for electrical stimulation Author(s): Kim, Joonghyun; Lee, Jeonghun; Chae, Ji Won; Kim, Dongsu; Pyo, Goeun; Heo, Su Jin; Jang, Jeonggyun; Park, Heechang; Kang, Hongki; Kwon, Hyuk-Jun; Jang, Jae Eun Abstract: Among various methods for generating artificial tactile sensations, a haptic device that employs electrical stimulation has attracted significant attention due to its high potential for realizing hyper-realistic touch. Considering the high skin impedance and the dense population of tactile receptors in the fingers, achieving a high-resolution electrode design with high-power operation and a flexible form-factor is required. In this study, an electrical stimulation haptic device employing a high-power transistor with an active matrix (AM) design on a flexible substrate was demonstrated. We optimized parameters for the thin-film transistor (TFT) employing Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide (IGZO) to sustain biphasic signal conditions as well as high power driving for electrical stimulation and its compatibility with low-process temperature for flexible form-factor. In order to secure the operating range of the driving TFT, the skin resistance value was measured based on the actual electrical stimulation waveform and confirmed to be 20-30 k Omega on average. The resulting device achieved a spatial resolution of 64 channels within a 1 cm(2) area. To achieve high drain current of TFT, a comb-shaped design of source and drain was suggested. The TFT can transfer high biphasic voltage (similar to +/- 50 V) with high simulation current (>10 mA). Therefore, the electrical stimulation device with high electrode density can supply sufficient power with wide bipolar stimulus signal swings stably for finger skin stimulation and various human interface devices.

High-frequency (> 65 MHz) broadband transparent transducer with ultrathin gold electrode for dual-mode photoacoustic and laser-induced ultrasound microscopy

Tue, 30 Sep 2025 15:00:00 GMT

Title: High-frequency (> 65 MHz) broadband transparent transducer with ultrathin gold electrode for dual-mode photoacoustic and laser-induced ultrasound microscopy Author(s): Park, Sunghun; Hong, Woongki; Park, Hyeongyu; Lee, Eunji; Nam, Sangwoo; Jung, Jin Hwan; Hyun, Jung Ho; Yu, Jaesok; Kang, Hongki; Chang, Jin Ho Abstract: For high-performance combined photoacoustic (PA) and Ultrasound (US) microscopy, precise coaxial alignment of the US and laser beams is essential. This can be realized using broadband transparent ultrasound transducers (TUTs). However, the current dual-mode imaging systems encounter significant challenges in simultaneous PA and US data acquisition due to sequential transmission of light and ultrasound and mechanical movement of dual-mode probes, leading to longer acquisition times and potential registration inaccuracies. To overcome these limitations, we propose a recently developed high-frequency broadband TUT with an ultrathin (< 10 nm) gold electrode, achieving a center frequency of 65.6 MHz and a –6 dB bandwidth of 71.6 %. The ultrathin gold electrode facilitates laser-induced ultrasound (LUS), enabling simultaneous acquisition of PA and US images. In vivo experiments demonstrate that LUS imaging can effectively replace conventional US imaging, offering highly efficient dual-mode PA/US imaging with minimized registration errors.

Repository Collection: null

Inkjet-Printed BaTiO3 Nanoparticle-Embedded Capacitor Array for Physical Unclonable Function

Heterojunction Wide-Bandgap Amorphous Metal Oxide High-Voltage Thin-Film Transistors with High Driving Current and Low Process Temperature

Study of active-matrix high-power transistor design for electrical stimulation

High-frequency (> 65 MHz) broadband transparent transducer with ultrathin gold electrode for dual-mode photoacoustic and laser-induced ultrasound microscopy

High-frequency (> 65 MHz) broadband transparent transducer with ultrathin gold electrode for dual-mode photoacoustic and laser-induced ultrasound microscopy