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Effects of a pre-annealing treatment (PAT) on Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)(4) thin films prepared by rapid thermal processing (RTP) selenization

Title
Effects of a pre-annealing treatment (PAT) on Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)(4) thin films prepared by rapid thermal processing (RTP) selenization
Author(s)
Hwang, SunwookKim, Dae-HwanSon, Dae-HoYang, Kee-JeongNam, DahyunCheong, HyeonsikKang, Jin-KyuIn, Su-il
Issued Date
2015-12
Citation
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, v.143, pp.218 - 225
Type
Article
Author Keywords
CZTSSeRapid thermal processing (RTP)Pre-annealing treatment (PAT)SelenizationThin-film solar cells
Keywords
AnnealingAtmospheric ChambersCOPPERCU2ZNSNSE4CZTSSeEfficiencyElectrical CharacteristicElectron MicroscopyEnergy Dispersive SpectroscopyFabricationFilm PreparationGROWTHHeat TreatmentPULSED-LASER DEPOSITIONRapid Thermal ProcessingRapid Thermal Processing (Rtp)Scanning Electron MicroscopyScanning Transmission Electron MicroscopySelenizationSemiconducting Selenium CompoundsSOLAR-CELLSTemPERATUREThin-Film Solar CellsThin Film Solar CellsTransmission Electron MicroscopyX Ray Diffraction AnalysisHigh Resolution Transmission Electron MicroscopyLAYERSLow TemperaturesOpen Circuit VoltagePre-Annealing Treatment (Pat)PreannealingPRECURSor SULFUR-CONTENTThin FilmsABSORBER
ISSN
0927-0248
Abstract
In this study, CZTSSe precursors (Se/Cu/SnS/ZnS) were deposited by sputtering and evaporation and then annealed without added chalcogen substances in an argon-filled atmospheric chamber using rapid thermal processing (RTP). A low-temperature pre-annealing treatment (PAT) was applied to induce a pre-reaction between Se and Cu/SnS/ZnS. It was found that the PAT leads to the formation of CuSe and Cu2-xSe and enhances Se incorporation during RTP chalcogenization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry, Raman analysis and scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) were applied to investigate the differences between the absorber with the PAT and the one without the PAT. Better morphologies on the surface and in the cross section were obtained for the CZTSSe absorber annealed using the PAT compared with the absorber annealed without the PAT. Both absorbers showed nearly pure kesterite phases in their upper regions, as confirmed by Raman analysis. However, STEM-EDS maps revealed that when the absorber was prepared without the PAT, Zn- and S-rich secondary phases and voids were easily formed near the back contact. The electrical characteristics and efficiencies of the CZTSSe thin films showed drastic changes; the CZTSSe solar cell without the PAT showed no diode response, but the cell with the PAT showed an efficiency of 6.77% with an open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF) of 376 mV, 31.39 mA/cm2 and 57%, respectively. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. Allrightsreserved.
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/1559
DOI
10.1016/j.solmat.2015.06.059
Publisher
Elsevier B.V.
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Appears in Collections:
Division of Energy Technology 1. Journal Articles
Department of Energy Science and Engineering Green and Renewable Energy for Endless Nature(GREEN) Lab 1. Journal Articles
Division of Electronics & Information System 1. Journal Articles

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