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Before the Page Time: Maximum Entanglements or the Return of the Monster?
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Title
Before the Page Time: Maximum Entanglements or the Return of the Monster?
Issued Date
2022-08
Citation
Bae, Jeong-Myeong. (2022-08). Before the Page Time: Maximum Entanglements or the Return of the Monster? Symmetry, 14(8). doi: 10.3390/sym14081649
Type
Article
Author Keywords
information loss paradoxblack holesentanglement entropy
Keywords
BLACK-HOLESINFORMATIONPROPOSALSTATES
ISSN
2073-8994
Abstract
The conservation of information of evaporating black holes is a very natural consequence of unitarity, which is the fundamental symmetry of quantum mechanics. In order to study the conservation of information, we need to understand the nature of the entanglement entropy. The entropy of Hawking radiation is approximately equal to the maximum of entanglement entropy if a black hole is in a state before the Page time, i.e., when the entropy of Hawking radiation is smaller than the entropy of the black hole. However, if there exists a process generating smaller entanglements rather than maximal entanglements, the entropy of Hawking radiation will become smaller than the maximum of the entanglement entropy before the Page time. If this process accumulates, even though the probability is small, the emitted radiation can eventually be distinguished from the exactly thermal state. In this paper, we provide several interpretations of this phenomenon: (1) information of the collapsed matter emitted before the Page time, (2) there exists a firewall or a non-local effect before the Page time, or (3) the statistical entropy is greater than the areal entropy; a monster is formed. Our conclusion will help resolve the information loss paradox by providing groundwork for further research.
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/17466
DOI
10.3390/sym14081649
Publisher
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
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