Provided are a nanofiber mesh bioelectrode including: a nanofiber mesh sheet in which nanofibers containing a biocompatible water-soluble polymer are entangled in a network form; and a conductive layer coated on the nanofiber mesh sheet and including a conductive material, and a method of producing the same. The nanofiber mesh bioelectrode according to the present invention does not cause discomfort when applied to a living body due to its excellent biocompatibility and excellent flexibility, and easily measures a biosignal or easily applies stimulation for a long period of time, as the nanofiber mesh bioelectrode is not easily detached.