Title

Development of Transition Metal Complex Dye and Radioactive Isotope Carbon-based Betavoltaic Battery

Alternative Title

전이금속 복합 염료 및 방사 성 동위원소 탄소 기반 베타전지 개발

DGIST Authors

Hong Soo Kim ; Su-Il In ; Jiwoong Yang

Advisor

인수일

Co-Advisor(s)

Jiwoong Yang

Issued Date

2024

Awarded Date

2024-02-01

Citation

Hong Soo Kim. (2024). Development of Transition Metal Complex Dye and Radioactive Isotope Carbon-based Betavoltaic Battery. doi: 10.22677/THESIS.200000724036

Type

Thesis

Description

Nuclear energy;Nuclear battery;Betavoltaic Cell;Radioactive isotope

Table Of Contents

Ⅰ. Introduction 1
1.1. Energy and environmental issues 1
1.1.1. Relationship between greenhouse gas and electricity demand 2
1.1.2. Renewable energy 3
1.1.3. Energy storage/generation system 4
1.2. Nuclear energy 5
1.3. Nuclear battery 7
1.3.1. Radioactive isotopes for a nuclear battery 8
1.3.2. Classification of a nuclear battery 9
1.4. Betavoltaic battery 10
1.4.1. Principle and Equation of a betavoltaic battery 11
1.4.2. Selection of β-radiation sources 13
1.4.3. β-radiation absorbing materials 15
1.4.4. Interaction/distribution of β-radiation within absorbing material 16
1.5. Research approaches and organization of Thesis 18
1.6. References 21

ⅠI. Characterization and analysis tools 29
2.1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) · 29
2.1.1. Theoretical background · 29
2.1.2. Instrumentation 30
2.2. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 31
2.2.1. Theoretical background · 31
2.2.2. Instrumentation 32
2.3. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) · 33
2.3.1. Theoretical background · 34
2.3.2. Instrumentation 34
2.4. X-ray diffraction (XRD) · 35
2.4.1. Theoretical background · 35
2.4.2. Instrumentation 36
2.5. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy · 37
2.5.1. Theoretical background · 38
2.5.2. Instrumentation 38
2.6. Raman spectroscopy 39
2.6.1. Theoretical background · 39
2.6.2. Instrumentation 40
2.7. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy · 41
2.7.1. Theoretical background · 41
2.7.2. Instrumentation 42
2.8. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 43
2.8.1. Theoretical background · 43
2.8.2. Instrumentation 44
2.9. Characterization of betavoltaic cell performance 45
2.9.1. Theoretical background · 45
2.9.2. Instrumentation 46
2.10. Monte Carlo simulation (GEANT4) · 47
2.11. References · 49

ⅠII. Design and fabrication of the metal complex molecules based dye-sensitized betavoltaic cell using radioactive isotope carbon nanoparticles/quantum dots 52
3.1. Introduction 52
3.2. Experimental section 54
3.2.1. Materials 54
3.2.2. Fabrication of the dye-sensitized TiO2-based working electrode 55
3.2.3. Fabrication of radioactive isotope carbon nanoparticles/quantum dots counter electrode 56
3.2.4. Assembly of the dye-sensitized betavoltaic cell 56
3.2.5. Material and device characterization 57
3.3. Results and Discussion 58
3.3.1. Characterization of working and counter electrodes 58
3.3.2. Electrochemical characterization and performance analysis 61
3.3.3. Speculated charge transfer mechanism for DSBC 66
3.4. Conclusion 68
3.5. References 73

ⅠV. Multiple-year battery based on highly efficient and stable dual-site radioactive isotope dye-sensitized betavoltaic cell 81
4.1. Introduction 81
4.2. Experimental section 84
4.2.1. Materials 84
4.2.2. Fabrication of β-radiated absorbing anode (TiCl4 treated TiO2-14CA/N719) 85
4.2.3. Fabrication of radioactive isotope carbon nanoparticles/quantum dots cathode (14CNP/CQD) 87
4.2.4. Assembly of a dual-site radioactive isotope dye-sensitized betavoltaic cell (d-DSBC) 87
4.2.5. Energy deposition simulation design 88
4.2.6. Material and device characterization 90
4.3. Results and Discussion 91
4.3.1. Characterization of working and counter electrodes 91
4.3.2. Electrochemical characterization and performance analysis 97
4.3.3. Monte-Carlo simulation of d-DSBC 107
4.3.4. Speculated mechanism of d-DSBC 108
4.4. Conclusion 109
4.5. References 113

V. Conclusion 122
요약문 124

URI

http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/48020
http://dgist.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000724036

DOI

10.22677/THESIS.200000724036

Degree

Doctor

Department

Department of Energy Science and Engineering

Publisher

DGIST

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