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Analysis of spin characteristics through various artificial spin structures

Title
Analysis of spin characteristics through various artificial spin structures
Alternative Title
다양한 인공 스핀 구조를 통한 스핀 특성 분석
Author(s)
SeongsooYoon
DGIST Authors
SeongsooYoonJung-Il HongJiwan Kim
Advisor
홍정일
Co-Advisor(s)
Jiwan Kim
Issued Date
2024
Awarded Date
2024-02-01
Type
Thesis
Description
Artificial spin structure;Spin Hall effect;Magneto Optical Kerr effect;Ultrafast spin dynamics; 인공 나선형 스핀 구조; 스핀 홀 효과; 자기 광학 커 효과; 초고속 스핀 동역학
Abstract
This thesis delves into the examination of the characteristics and usability of artificially formed spin structures. In the theoretical background, the concept of exchange coupling, spin Hall effect, magneto- optical Kerr effect, magnetic domain, and magnetoresistance are briefly introduced. As the main research contributions, we describe the results of research on artificial helical spin structures and two outcomes of ultrafast spin dynamics in ferromagnetic materials. First, a multi-thin film structure was fabricated by depositing antiferromagnetic layers on and below the ferromagnetic material. It was confirmed that when the spins of two antiferromagnetic materials are aligned in different directions, an artificial helical spin structure is formed inside the ferromagnetic material due to exchange coupling, which occurs at the interface between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic materials. Through research on the formed helical spin structure, it was confirmed that the formation area and rotation direction of the helical spin structure were adjustable. Next we observed the phase change of spin precession depending on the composition and pump fluence of the NiFe alloy film. This change is a phenomenon that is challenging to explain solely with the temperature dependence of magnetocrystalline, demagnetizing, and Zeeman fields that explain spin dynamics, showing that magnetoelasticity is an important factor in understanding ultrafast spin dynamics. Lastly, a method to obtain the spin wave exchange constant of ferromagnetic materials was studied. Spin wave analysis was performed by simultaneously measuring Kerr rotation and ellipticity on both sides of a single film. This method showed the advantage of being able to obtain the spin wave exchange constant of a ferromagnetic material without considering the effect of thin film thickness. The studies covered in this thesis present various directions for studying the spin dynamics of ferromagnetic materials. It is expected that they will contribute to the design and improvement of spintronic devices through spin analysis and structure formation of the presented ferromagnetic material. Keywords: Artificial spin structure, Spin Hall effect, Magneto Optical Kerr effect, Ultrafast spin dynamics|본 논문은 인공적으로 형성된 스핀 구조들의 특성에 대한 연구와 활용성에 대하여 다룬다. 이론적 배경에서는 교환 결합에 대한 개념과 스핀 홀 효과, 자기 광학 커 효과, 자기 도메인, 자기 저항에 대하여 간략하게 소개한다. 본문에서는 인공적인 나선형 스핀 구조에 대한 연구 결과와 강자성체의 초고속 스핀 역학에 대한 두 가지 연구 결과를 기술한다. 먼저, 강자성체의 위, 아래에 반강자성체 층을 증착한 다중 박막 구조를 제작하였다. 두 반강자성체의 스핀을 서로 다른 방향으로 정렬시키게 되면 계면에서 생기는 반강자성체와 강자성체 사이의 교환 결합으로 인하여 강자성체 내부에 인공적인 나선형 스핀 구조가 형성됨을 확인하였다. 형성된 나선형 스핀 구조에 연구를 통해 나선형 스핀 구조의 형성 영역과 회전 방향이 조절 가능함을 확인하였다. 다음으로 NiFe 합급 박막의 조성과 펌프 플루언스에 따른 스핀 세차 운동의 위상 변화를 확인하였습니다. 해당 변화는 스핀 동역학을 설명하는 magnetocrystalline, demagnetizing 과 Zeeman field 의 온도 의존성만으로는 설명이 어려운 현상으로 자기 탄성이 초고속 스핀 역학의 이해에 중요한 요소임을 보여주었다. 마지막으로 강자성체의 스핀파 교환 상수를 얻기 위한 방법에 대해 연구하였다. 단일 필름의 양면에서 동시에 Kerr rotation 과 ellipticity 를 측정하여 스핀파의 분석을 진행하였다. 이 방법은 박막의 두께에 의한 효과를 고려하지 않고 강자성체의 스핀파 교환 상수를 얻을 수 있다는 강점을 보였다. 본 논문에서 다룬 연구들은 강자성체의 스핀 역학을 연구하는 다양한 방향을 제시하였다. 제시된 강자성체의 스핀 분석과 구조 형성에 방향성을 통해 스핀트로닉스 소자의 설계와 개선을 하는데 기여할 것으로 기대한다.
Table Of Contents
List of Contents
Abstract i
List of contents ii
List of figures iv
List of tables viii

Ⅰ. Introduction
Overview of spintronics · 1
Ⅱ. Theorical perspective
2.1 Exchange coupling 4
2.1.1 Exchange interaction · 4
2.1.2 Exchange bias 7
2.2 Spin Hall effect · 9
2.3 Magneto Optical Kerr effect 12
2.4 Magnetic domain 15
2.5 Magnetoresistance · 18
2.6 Pump-probe spectroscopy 20
2.7 Magnon 23
Ⅲ. Experimental method
3.1 Magnetron sputtering · 26
3.2 X-ray measurement 28
3.2.1 X-ray diffraction · 28
3.2.2 X-ray reflectivity · 29
3.3 Vibrating sample magnetometer 31
3.4 Photolithography 32
Ⅳ. Formation of Helical Spin Alignment in the AFM/FM/AFM Trilayers by Spin-Orbit Torque Controlled Exchange Bias
4.1 Introduction 37
4.2 Sample manufacturing and measurement conditions · 40
4.3 Thickness dependence of uniformly aligned state · 42
4.4 Magnetic property change in twisted alignment 46
4.5 Conclusion · 59
Ⅴ. Magnetoelasticity-driven phase inversion of ultrafast spin precession in NixFe100-x thin films
5.1 Introduction 60
5.2 Sample manufacturing and measurement conditions · 63
5.3 Time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect data depending on atomic composition and pump fluence · 65
5.4 Simulation results and comparison with experimental data 68
5.5 Effective magnetic field calculations and key material parameters for simple analysis 73
5.6 Conclusion · 78
Ⅵ. Determining the spin wave exchange coupling constant of ferromagnets using cated high-order exchange magnons
6.1 Introduction 79
6.2 Sample manufacturing and measurement conditions · 80
6.3 Time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect data at various external magnetic field angles 83
6.4 Calculation results and comparison with experimental data 85
6.5 Conclusion · 90
Ⅶ. Conclusion
Conclusion 92

References 94
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/48037

http://dgist.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000725080
DOI
10.22677/THESIS.200000725080
Degree
Doctor
Department
Department of Physics and Chemistry
Publisher
DGIST
Related Researcher
  • 홍정일 Hong, Jung-Il
  • Research Interests Electric and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructured Materials; Spintronics
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Department of Physics and Chemistry Theses Ph.D.

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