Challenges and Advances in High-Energy Magnesium Batteries

Abstract

Despite the widespread use of Li-ion batteries, their limited energy density poses a significant challenge. Magnesium (Mg) batteries present a promising alternative due to their higher energy density and lower cost. However, existing Mg battery technologies encounter obstacles, particularly regarding electrode-electrolyte compatibility. The initial Mg battery prototype, employing the Mg/Mo6S8 system, exhibited a mere ~60 Wh/kgcell, significantly lower than Li-ion batteries (~300 Wh/kgcell). Despite efforts over the past two decades to develop new cathodes, electrolytes, and Mg anodes, most reported Mg battery systems have struggled with low energy densities and reproducibility issues. In this presentation, we highlight recent breakthroughs in Mg batteries, achieving energy densities comparable to Li-ion batteries. Our approach incorporates novel cathode materials developed in our research group, surface-modified Mg anodes, and conventional nonaqueous electrolytes. Through our work, we aim to shed light on the development of advanced Mg battery systems capable of surpassing the energy density limitations of Li-ion batteries while maintaining cost-effectiveness.