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Linking the Circadian Clock to Senescence Regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Title
Linking the Circadian Clock to Senescence Regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Alternative Title
애기장대에서 일주기 시계와 노화의 기능적 관계
DGIST Authors
Sukjoon JungPyung Ok LimHong Gil Nam
Advisor
임평옥
Co-Advisor(s)
Hong Gil Nam
Issued Date
2025
Awarded Date
2025-02-01
Citation
Sukjoon Jung. (2025). Linking the Circadian Clock to Senescence Regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. doi: 10.22677/THESIS.200000828679
Type
Thesis
Description
aging, circadian clocks, gene regulation, diurnal rhythms
Abstract
One of the most remarkable biological systems evolved by life on Earth is programmed senescence, a mechanism that facilitates generational turnover and drives evolutionary progress. Given the intricate and high- stakes molecular processes involved, organisms utilizing this system must precisely monitor their aging. This raises fundamental questions: how do organisms perceive the passage of time, and what systems enable this capability? Aging research has identified specific regulator genes that either promote or inhibit aging, demonstrating that manipulating these genes can modulate the aging rate. Here, I propose the existence of a biological oscillator that enhances the precision of aging, complementing established cumulative aging mechanisms. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as a multicellular model system due to its genetic, genomic, and developmental tractability, I identified PRR9, a core circadian clock component, and ORE1, a positive regulator of leaf senescence, as critical factors in maintaining cell-to-cell synchronization associated with leaf senescence, thereby linking the circadian clock to the aging process at the functional level. Furthermore, my research revealed that age-related alterations in circadian clock activities precede other aging symptoms and manifest across organismal, organ, and cellular levels. Under diurnal conditions, these clock modifications affect time perception, reshaping diurnal gene expression patterns. Aged plants perceive a “shorter day and longer night” due to shifts in specific gene groups, including those involved in light responses. Importantly, these alterations are genetically programmed, as loss-of-function mutations in circadian clock genes, including CCA1, LHY, and PRR9, disrupt aging-dependent changes in the rhythmic gene expression. This thesis provides new insights into the role of biological oscillators in time perception and underscores their critical involvement in aging-related processes.|지구 생명체가 가진 가장 강력한 시스템 중 하나는 노화 프로그램이다. 노화는 세대 교체를 촉진하여 진화적 발전을 이끄는 메커니즘이다. 노화과정에 관여하는 분자적 장치들은 개체 스스로의 죽음을 유도하기 때문에, 이러한 시스템을 사용하는 생명체는 자신의 노화단계를 정밀하게 모니터링해야 한다. 이는 근본적인 질문을 제기한다. 생명체는 시간의 흐름을 어떻게 인지하는가? 노화 연구는 노화를 촉진하거나 억제하는 특정 유전자들을 밝혀내왔고, 이 유전자들을 조작함으로써 노화 속도를 조절할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 본 연구에서는 애기장대를 다세포 모델 시스템으로 활용하여 누적 노화 메커니즘을 보완하여 노화의 정밀성을 향상시키는 생물학적 진동자의 존재를 제안한다. 연구 결과, 일주기 시계의 핵심 구성 요소인 PRR9과 노화 조절 유전자 ORE1이 세포 간 동기화를 유지하는 데 중요한 역할을 하며, 이는 일주기 리듬과 노화를 연결하는 데 기여함을 확인했다. 나이에 따른 일주기 시계 활동의 변화는 다른 노화 증상보다 선행하여 나타나며, 유기체, 기관, 세포 수준에 걸쳐 관찰되었다. 주기적인 환경에서 이러한 시계 변화는 시간 인식에 영향을 미쳐, 일주기 유전자 발현 패턴을 재구성했다. 나이 든 식물은 특정 유전자 그룹, 특히 빛 반응에 관여하는 유전자들의 변화로 인해 “짧은 낮과 긴 밤”을 경험하게 된다. 중요한 점은 이러한 변화가 유전적으로 프로그램되어 있다는 것이다. CCA1, LHY, PRR9 등 일주기 시계 유전자에서 기능 상실 돌연변이가 발생하면, 노화에 따라 리듬 유전자 발현 변화가 방해받는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 생물학적 진동자가 시간 인식에 미치는 역할에 대한 새로운 통찰을 제공하며, 이러한 진동자가 노화와 관련된 과정에서 중요한 역할을 한다는 점을 강조한다.
Table Of Contents
List of Contents
Abstract i
List of Contents ii
List of Figures v
List of Table vii

I. Background Introduction
1.1 Organization of the Thesis 1
1.2 Senescence 3
1.2.1 The biological Role of Aging 3
1.2.2 Senescence in Arabidopsis 5
1.3 The Circadian Clock 8
1.3.1 Biological Functions of the Circadian Clock 8
1.3.2 The Circadian Clock in Arabidopsis 10
1.3.3 Mathematical Modeling for Circadian Clock Activities in Arabidopsis 13
1.3.4 Functional Links between the Circadian Clock and Aging 15
1.3.5 Cell-Type Specificity in the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock 17
1.4 Main Hypothesis and Specific Aims 19
II. Free-Running Circadian Clock Alterations as Early Indicators of Aging in
Arabidopsis: A Multi-Scale Investigation
2.1 Introduction 20
2.2 Materials and Methods 23
2.2.1 Plant Materials and Growth Conditions 23
2.2.2 Luciferase Reporter System 23
2.2.3 Detection of Cellular Clock Activity in Intact Plants 24
2.2.4 Photosynthetic activity Analysis 24
2.3 Results 26
2.3.1 Development of a Robust Luciferase Reporter System 27
2.3.2 Performance of the Upgraded Luciferase Reporter System 29
2.3.3 Circadian Period Length as a Marker for Senescence 31
2.3.4 PRR9 Maintains Cell-to-Cell Synchronization Linking the Circadian Period and
Aging 33
2.4 Discussion 36
2.5 Acknowledgement 37
III. The Genetically Programmed Rhythmic Alteration of Diurnal Gene Expression in
Aged Arabidopsis Leaves
3.1 Introduction 38
3.2 Materials and Methods 41
3.2.1 Plant Materials and Growth Conditions 41
3.2.2 Luciferase Assay 41
3.2.3 Physiological Time 41
3.2.4 Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) Calculation 42
3.2.5 Gene Expression Analyses 43
3.2.6 RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) Analysis 43
3.2.7 Selection of Genes with Oscillating Expression Patterns 44
3.2.8 Statistical Analysis 44
3.3 Results 46
3.3.1 Age-Dependent Rhythmic Alteration of Free-Running Circadian rhythms 46
3.3.2 Age-Dependent Alteration of Clock Gene Expression Under Diurnal conditions
49
3.3.3 Age-Dependent Alteration of Diurnal Transcriptomes 53
3.3.4 Senescence-Regulatory Gene Expression Patterns in Aged Leaves 54
3.3.5 Transcriptomic-Level Rhythmic Alteration of Daily Gene Expression Rhythms
55
3.3.6 Opposing Rhythmic Alterations in Daytime and Nighttime Genes in Aged Plants
59
3.3.7 Core Clock Components Mediate Rhythmic Alterations in Gene Expression 62
3.4 Discussion 65
3.5 Acknowledgement 69
IV. Appendix 70
4.1 Computational Simulation of Circadian Clock Dynamics in Arabidopsis 70
4.2 ORE1 Inhibits TOC1-Mediated PRR5 Expression 75
4.3 Acknowledgement 91
V. Conclusion 92
VI. References 93
VII. Abstract in Korean 103
VIII. Acknowledgement 104
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/57964
http://dgist.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000828679
DOI
10.22677/THESIS.200000828679
Degree
Doctor
Department
Department of New Biology
Publisher
DGIST
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