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One-Step Fabrication of Eco-Friendly FF/PLA Composite Films for Biocompatible Piezoelectric Devices

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Title
One-Step Fabrication of Eco-Friendly FF/PLA Composite Films for Biocompatible Piezoelectric Devices
Alternative Title
원스텝 딥코팅 기반 PLA 코팅 정렬 Diphenylalanine 나노튜브 압전 에너지 하베스터 개발
DGIST Authors
Riha KimJu-Hyuck LeeYoungu Lee
Advisor
이주혁
Co-Advisor(s)
Youngu Lee
Issued Date
2026
Awarded Date
2026-08-01
Type
Thesis
Description
Diphenylalanine, Piezoelectric nanogenerator, One-step dip-coating, PLA coating, Self-powered sensor
Abstract

Diphenylalanine (FF) nanostructures have attracted considerable interest as bio-derived piezoelectric materials owing to their intrinsic piezoelectricity, biocompatibility, and self-assembly capability. However, practical implementation of FF-based piezoelectric devices has been limited by challenges associated with structural alignment, environmental instability, and fabrication complexity. In this study, a one-step dip-coating strategy was developed to fabricate poly(lactic acid) (PLA)- coated aligned FF nanotube-based piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs), in which FF assembly and protective polymer coating were simultaneously achieved through a single process. The effects of fabrication parameters, including FF concentration, pulling speed, and PLA concentration, on structural morphology, aqueous stability, and piezoelectric output performance were systematically investigated. Optimization of fabrication conditions enabled the formation of well-aligned FF nanostructures with enhanced device performance, while the incorporation of PLA coating improved environmental stability without sacrificing piezoelectric functionality. In particular, the optimized PLA coating condition provided a favorable balance between output performance and structural protection. Structural, physical, and electrical characterizations revealed that coating morphology, stress transfer, and alignment behavior play critical roles in determining device performance. Finite element simulation further supported the relationship between coating structure and piezoelectric potential generation. In addition, the proposed one-step fabrication strategy demonstrated performance comparable to conventional multistep processes while offering advantages in fabrication simplification, reproducibility, and scalability. The resulting devices also exhibited stable power generation behavior and long-term operational durability, indicating their potential as reliable bio-piezoelectric platforms. This work presents an effective strategy for integrating structural alignment and protective encapsulation in FF-based piezoelectric devices and suggests the potential of PLA-coated FF nanostructures for scalable self-powered sensing and bio-integrated energy harvesting applications.|본 연구에서는 생체유래 압전 소재인 디페닐알라닌 (FF) 나노튜브 기반 압전 나노발전소자의 구조 정렬성과 수분 안정성, 그리고 제조 공정 단순화를 동시에 구현하기 위해 one-step dip-coating 기반 FF/PLA 복합 압전소자를 개발하였다. 기존 FF 기반 소자는 정렬 제어 및 보호층 형성이 별도의 다단계 공정으로 이루어져 공정 복잡성, 재현성 및 대면적 확장성 측면에서 한계가 있었다.

이에 본 연구에서는 FF 자가조립과 PLA 보호층 형성을 단일 공정 내에서 동시에 구현하는 one-step dip-coating 공정을 제안하고, FF 농도, pulling speed 및 PLA 농도 변화에 따른 구조 형성, 물성, 수분 안정성 및 압전 출력 특성을 체계적으로 분석하였다. 최적 공정 조건에서 정렬된 FF 나노구조 형성과 함께 향상된 출력 특성을 확보하였으며, PLA 코팅을 통해 수분 환경 안정성 또한 향상됨을 확인하였다. 특히 2 wt% PLA 조건에서 출력 특성과 보호 효과 사이의 균형이 가장 우수한 조건으로 도출되었다.

또한 기존 multiple-step 공정 기반 소자와 비교하여 제안한 one-step 공정이 동등한 수준의 압전 성능을 유지하면서도 공정 단순화와 재현성 향상 가능성을 가짐을 확인하였다. 전력 출력 및 장기 반복 구동 실험을 통해 안정적인 에너지 생성 특성과 내구성을 검증하였으며, 시뮬레이션을 통해 PLA 코팅 구조와 응력 전달 특성이 출력 거동과 밀접하게 연관됨을 확인하였다.

본 연구는 정렬 제어와 보호층 형성을 통합한 FF 기반 바이오 압전 소자 제조 전략을 제시하였으며, 향후 자가구동 센서 및 생체 삽입형 에너지 하베스팅 소자로의 응용 가능성을 제안한다.

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Table Of Contents
List of Contents
Abstract i
List of contents iii
List of figures v


Ⅰ . Introduction 1
1.1 Self-Powered Systems for Implantable Biomedical Devices 1
1.2 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting 3
1.2.1 Piezoelectric Effect 3
1.2.2 Piezoelectric Nanogenerators 5
1.3 Biomolecular Piezoelectric Materials 6
1.3.1 Piezoelectricity of FF Nanotubes 7
1.3.2 Orientation and Polarization Control: A Key Challenge 8
1.4 Previous Studies on FF-Based PENGs 9
1.4.1 Electric-Field Assisted Growth of FF nanorods 9
1.4.2 Meniscus-Driven Aligned FF Energy Harvester 9
1.4.3 FF Nanocomposites for Bio-Functional PENGs 11
1.5 Research Gap and Objective 12
Ⅱ . Experimental Methods 13
2.1 Materials 13
2.2 Synthesis of Aligned PLA-Coated FF structures 13
2.3 Fabrication of PLA-Coated FF-Based PENGs and FF-Based PENG 13
2.4 Measurement and Characterization 14
Ⅲ . Result and Discussions 15
3.1 Fabrication and Alignment of PLA-Coated FFNTs 15
3.1.1 Formation Mechanism 15
3.1.2 Optimization of FF Concentration and Pulling speed 16
3.1.3 Effect of PLA Concentration 22
3.2 Structural and Physical properties of FF/PLA films 24
3.2.1 Thickness Analysis 24
3.2.2 Crystallinity Analysis (XRD) 25
3.2.3 Viscosity Effect 27
3.3 Degradability of FF/PLA Composite Films 28
3.4 Piezoelectric Output Performance 32
3.4.1 Effect of PLA concentration on Output Performance 32
3.4.2 Comparison of One-Step and Multiple-step Fabrication process 36
3.4.3 Power Generation and Durability of FF/PLA PENG Devices 39
3.5 Simulation Analysis of Potential Distribution 41
Ⅳ . Conclusion 43
URI
https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/60795
http://dgist.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200001007501
DOI
10.22677/THESIS.200001007501
Degree
Master
Department
Department of Energy Science and Engineering
Publisher
DGIST
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