The present invention provides a method for synthesizing a BixSb2-xTe3 thermoelectric nanocompound (0xSb2-xTe3 reactant by liquid phase reduction at room temperature after adding a reducing agent to the Bi—Sb—Te hydrate prepared in step 2) (step 3); aging the BixSb2-xTe3 reactant prepared in step 3) (step 4); and preparing BixSb2-xTe3 nanoparticles by filtering and drying the BixSb2-xTe3 reactant aged in step 4) (step 5). The BixSb2-xTe3 thermoelectric nanocompound synthesized by the method of the present invention via liquid phase reduction is composed of regular nanoparticles since the method does not need any additional heat-treatment to eliminate chemical additives and prevents particles from being over-grown. Therefore, the BixSb2-xTe3 nanocompound particles are regular in size of 1˜150 nm and distributed evenly, so that thermal conductivity of the compound is reduced and thereafter thermoelectric figure of merit thereof can be improved.