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A correlation study of microcirculation on acupoints by multi-channel diffuse speckle contrast analysis

Title
A correlation study of microcirculation on acupoints by multi-channel diffuse speckle contrast analysis
Alternative Title
다중 채널 확산 스펙클 대비분석을 통한 경혈의 미세혈류 상관관계 연구
Author(s)
JaeYoon Park
DGIST Authors
JaeYoon ParkKiJoon LeeJaeYoun Hwang
Advisor
이기준
Co-Advisor(s)
JaeYoun Hwang
Issued Date
2023
Awarded Date
2023-02-01
Type
Thesis
Description
Blood Flow Index(BFI), multi-channel DSCA, Large Intestine Meridian (LI), blood flow, multi channel DSPF(Diffuse Speckle Pulsatile Flowmetry)
Abstract
Blood flow plays a very important role in the human body. This is because all cells in our body receive
oxygen and nutrients through the bloodstream and discharge waste products through the bloodstream. Therefore, blood flow plays an important role as an indicator of the health of our body, and accurately measuring it is also very important. Diffuse speckle contrast analysis (DSCA) is a blood flow measurement technique that has recently been in the spotlight. The advantage of DSCA is that it can be implemented easily and inexpensively. In addition, it is possible to measure blood flow in a deeper place with high data processing speed. DSCA is theoretically based on DCS (Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy) and uses the data processing method of LSCI (Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging). DSCA is a technology that measures the blood flow through the contrast of the interference fringe called speckle created in the CCD panel by letting a laser light with a long coherent length shine on our body and then receiving the laser light passing through the body as a CCD.
Existing Diffuse Speckle contrast Analysis (DSCA) systems used a single mode fiber as a detector fiber. In this study, we built a multi - channel DSCA system to measure up to 7 different sites using multi-mode fibers. By using multi-channel fibers as detector fibers, it is possible to calculate blood flow index (BFI) using spatial statistics of speckle patterns on the CCD. This increased the speed of image acquisition. That is, the frame rate increased. And this system is named DSPF (Diffuse Speckle Pulsatile Flowmetry) to avoid confusion with the existing DSCA system. We are interested in whether our DSPF system detects changes in microcirculation well.
As a clinical application, we are interested in acupuncture points and long-term remote action of the body as discussed in TCM (Traditional Chines Medicine). TCM says that the human body has meridians and acupoints. It is said that Qi circulates throughout the body through meridians. TCM asserts that Qi plays a role in connecting the acupoints and organs. Due to this, the acupoint becomes both a treatment point and a diagnostic point. We postulate that the best measurable physiological variable that represents Qi is blood flow, especially microcirculation. Therefore, we would like to observe the change in microcirculation according to the stimulation of the acupoint with our multi-channel DSCA system. We stimulated the acupuncture points with acupuncture needles, and we monitored microcirculation on the three points of the acupuncture points present on the Large Intestine meridian (LI). Four types of data analysis were performed: BFI mean change analysis, frequency analysis, cross correlation, and complexity analysis. We found some supporting evidence that the parasympathetic nerve was activated by acupuncture, which resulted in increased microcirculation and decreased heart rate. Although it is too early to reach conclusion, we are beginning to bring acupuncture studies into scientific realm. Also, it can be seen that our DSPF system is a suitable system for continuous monitoring of microcirculation.; 인체에서 혈류는 중요한 역할을 한다. 인체의 모든 세포는 혈류 시스템을 통해 산소와 영양소를 공급받으며 노폐물을 배출시킨다. 따라서 혈류는 신체의 건강함을 알려주는 중요한 척도가 될 수 있다. 이로 인해 혈류를 정확히 측정하는 것은 정말 중요하다. 혈류를 잘 측정하는 장비는 DCS (Diffuse speckle spectroscopy)와 LSCI(Laser Speckle Contrast Imageing)가 있는데 DCS 는 이론적으로 검증되었으나 고가의 장비를 사용해야 하며 데이터 분석을 위해 모델을 따로 설계해야 하는 단점이 있다. LSCA 는 비교적 빠른 데이터 처리가 가능한 장점이 있으나 상대적으로 얕은 부위의 혈류를 측정할 수 있다는 단점이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결할 수 있는 다중 채널 확산 스펙클 대비 분석 multi – channel DSCA(Diffuse Speckle Contrast Analysis) 장비를 개발하였다. DSCA 는 DCS 의 이론적 기반에서 비슷하며 LSCA 의 데이터 처리방식을 사용하였다. 본 논문은 측정 광학 파이버를 싱글모드(single mode fiber)를 사용하던 기존 DSCA 에서 측정 광학 파이버를 멀티모드(multi mode fiber)를 사용하였다. 본 논문은 multi channel fiber 를 사용하여 다중 채널 DSCA 시스템을 만들었다. 본 논문에서는 다중채널 확산 스펙클 대비 분석 시스템의 검증을 위해 팔-커프 실험을 수행하였으며 선행 연구로는 지압계를 통한
압력으로 합곡혈(LI4) 혈자리 자극 시 동척성 미세혈류 변화 및 대측성 미세혈류변화를 관측 하였다. 이번 실험은 하렴(LI8) 혈자리를 침으로 자극하였을 때 위에 위치하는 혈자리인 수삼리(LI10)와 아래에 위치하는 합곡혈(LI4) 혈자리의 미세혈류 변화를 관측하였다. 혈류 측정 결과를 평균 BFI 분석, 주파수 분석, 상호상관 분석, 표본엔트로피 분석으로 자료분석을 실시하였다. 실험 결과는 두가지 관점에서 설명할 수 있는데 첫째 multi channel multi mode fibe 를 사용한 DSCA 가 미세 혈류 측정에 적합하다는 관점이며, 둘째 혈자리를 자극 시 미세혈류 변화가 기의 흐름이라고 단정 지을 수는 없지만 혈자리를 자극 하고 나서 피험자가 느낀 자극과 BFI 가 증가한 시간이 일치하는 점을 비추어 볼 때 한의학에서 이야기하는 기에 의한 원격작용의 작동원리를 설명하는데 보탬이 되는 연구가 될 것이라 생각한다.
Table Of Contents
Ⅰ. Introduction 1
1.1 Study Background 1
1.2 Previous Studies 2
1.3 Study Purpose 3
Ⅱ. Diffuse Speckle contrast Analysis 4
2.1 Theory 4
2.2 Data analysis 8
2.3 DSPF(Diffuse Speckle Pulsatile Flowmetry) 11
Ⅲ. Meridians and Acupoints 12
3.1 Meridians and Acupoints 12
3.1.1 Concept of Meridians and Acupoints 12
3.1.2 Composition of Meridians 14
3.1.3 Action of Meridians 20
3.2 Large Intestine Meridian (LI) 21
Ⅳ. Applications of DSCA system on Acupuncture study 22
4.1 Composition of DSCA system 22
4.1.1 Detail of system 22
4.1.2 Two lens system 24
4.2 In vivo applications 25
4.2.1 Arm cuff 25
4.2.2 LI4 pressure stimulus experiment 30
4.2.2.1 Ipsilateral (Left) hand 32
4.2.2.2 contralateral (Right) hand 34
4.2.3 LI8 needle stimulus experiment 36
4.2.3.1 Protocol and experiment setting 36
4.2.3.2 BFI mean comparison 39
4.2.3.3 frequency analysis 44
4.2.3.4 cross correlation analysis 54
4.2.3.5 complexity analysis 57
Ⅴ. Discussion and Conclusion 62
5.1 Discussion 62
5.2 Limitation 63
5.3 Conclusion 64
REFERENCES 66
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/45754

http://dgist.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000655294
DOI
10.22677/THESIS.200000655294
Degree
Master
Department
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Publisher
DGIST
Related Researcher
  • 이기준 Lee, Kijoon
  • Research Interests Biomedical Optics; DOT; DSCA; NIRS; OCT; LSCI; Nonlinear Optics; Random Laser; Coherent Backscattering
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