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Electrical stimulation system based on high power transistor array for tactile sensation

Title
Electrical stimulation system based on high power transistor array for tactile sensation
Alternative Title
고전력 트랜지스터 어레이를 이용한 촉감 전기 자극 시스템
Author(s)
Joonghyun Kim
DGIST Authors
Joonghyun KimJae Eun JangHongki Kang
Advisor
장재은
Co-Advisor(s)
Hongki Kang
Issued Date
2023
Awarded Date
2023-08-01
Type
Thesis
Description
Haptic stimulator; High power transistor; Active-matrix array; IGZO TFT
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing demand for haptic feedback in electronic devices because the haptic device market is expanding rapidly due to the increasing number of applications such as automobile displays or virtual reality systems. Haptic devices can be classified into two categories: a mechanical and an electrical feedback device. Mechanical devices can offer some tactile feedback, but most of them are bulky, heavy, and consume a significant amount of power, making them difficult to use in portable devices. In contrast, an electrical device can be small, lightweight, and consume less power, and therefore, it can be more suitable for portable devices. Moreover, it can provide precise tactile feedback if it can achieve high integration density of electrode with suitable electrical stimulation signals. Unfortunately, it is not easy to achieve the high electrode density by simple dot or matrix electrode design.
To address the issue, we propose active-matrix electrode design based a thin film transistor(TFT), which reduces the number of wires and improves spatial resolution. As first approach to get design parameters of TFT, we tried to measure the impedance of finger skin. The impedance value is around 30 kΩ at 100 μsec pulse width and 1 pulse per second(pps) condition. Considering high impedance of human finger skin, the transistor should sustain in high voltage(>40 V) and high current(>0.5 mA) driving conditions. Therefore, we optimized the 5 fabrication parameters to achieve optimal electrical stimulator performance. Quality of gate oxide, channel dimension, contact metal, passivation condition and channel design are the 5 parameters. Among those conditions, 200 nm gate oxide formed by PECVD, 20 nm channel thickness, Aluminum contact, polymer passivation and union design of conducting channel are fixed as optimized parameters for electrical stimulation. For precise electrical stimulation, applying bipolar waveform signals are required. Therefore, we investigated the electrical properties of the TFT in the biphasic signal. Because the voltage difference between a drain and a gate is changed at a positive and a negative pulse, the sustain range of TFT should be increased and we reflected the enquiry to the design of TFTs. The TFT provided enough current to stimulate the tactile receptors in various situations.
As proof of suggested concept, we fabricated 64 stimulation sites based on active matrix TFT array in 1.1 x 1.1 cm2 area. The conductance of TFT(on state) can transfer well stimulation signal for fingertip well(50 V, 1.14 mA with 30 kΩ). Tactile perception test by electrical stimulation was conducted. The stimulation shape formed by selected electrodes. The new stimulator gave better tactile perception of object shape recognition to subjects than low resolution dot type design.
The proposed electrical stimulator exhibits promising potential to enhance artificial tactile perception. Therefore, it can be applied to various devices.|본 논문은 높은 공간해상도를 가지는 액티브 어레이를 활용한 전기적 햅틱 자극기 시스템을 제안한다. 최근 몇 년간 전자 기기에서 햅틱 피드백에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 자동차 디스플레이 및 가상 현실 시스템 등의 응용 분야가 증가함에 따라 햅틱 시장은 급속하게 확대되고 있다. 햅틱 장치는 기계식 및 전기식으로 분류할 수 있다. 기계식 장치는 풍부한 촉감 피드백을 제공하지만, 보통 부피가 크고 무거우며 상당한 전력을 소비하여 휴대용 장치에서 사용하기 어렵다. 반면에 전기 장치는 작고 가벼우며 전력 소모가 적어 휴대용 장치에 적합하다. 하지만 전기 장치는 공간 해상도가 낮아 정확한 촉감 피드백을 제공하기 어렵다. 이러한 공간 해상도 문제를 해결하기 위해, 8x8 매트릭스 배열 구조를 가진 박막 트랜지스터 기반의 전기 자극기를 제안하였다. 이는 전선의 수를 줄이고 공간 해상도를 향상시킨다. 게이트 산화막, 채널, 소스-드레인, 패시베이션 및 TFT 디자인과 같은 제조 매개 변수를 최적화하여 최적의 전기 자극기 성능을 달성하였다. 결과적으로, 자극기는 1.1 x 1.1 cm2 영역에서 64개의 자극 부위를 만들 수 있었다. 또한, 개별 TFT의 전기적 특성을 조사하였으며, 음극 소스-드레인 바이어스 하에서 불규칙한 동작을 나타냈다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해, 자극 상황에서의 펄스파 양극성 신호를 인가하였다. TFT는 촉감 수용기를 자극하기에 충분한 전류를 제공하였으며, 펄스 신호에서 임피던스 감소 현상을 나타내었다. 마지막으로, 세 명의 피험자와 함께 지각 실험을 진행하였으며, 자극 부위에서 범퍼와 같은 촉감을 느낀다는 보고가 있었다. 이는 제안된 전기 자극기가 성공적으로 촉감을 재현할 수 있었다는 걸 의미한다.
Table Of Contents
I. Introduction 1
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 Motivation 2
II. Background 3
2.1 Human tactile sensing system 3
2.1.1 Human tactile receptor 3
2.1.2 Human tactile signal 6
2.2 Previous works 9
2.2.1 Mechanical stimulator 9
2.2.2 Electrical stimulator 13
2.3 Principle of TENS 15
2.4 Array stimulator 19
III. Experimental Details 20
3.1 Effort to lowing the contact resistance 20
3.1.1 Electrical characteristic of fingertip 20
3.1.2 Fabrication flow 21
3.1.3 Results 22
3.2 Effort to satisfying electrical characteristic for stimulation 25
3.2.1 Electrical signal to evoke tactile sensation 25
3.2.2 Fabrication flow 27
3.2.3 Results 28
IV. Conclusion 51
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/46445

http://dgist.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000685177
DOI
10.22677/THESIS.200000685177
Degree
Master
Department
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Publisher
DGIST
Related Researcher
  • 장재은 Jang, Jae Eun
  • Research Interests Nanoelectroinc device; 생체 신호 센싱 시스템 및 생체 모방 디바이스; 나노 통신 디바이스
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Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Theses Master

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