Human skeletal muscle is widely considered to be the most efficient actuator, leading to extensive research on developing artificial muscles. Bioinspired technologies such as soft robotics and biomimetics are used to produce artificial muscles with performance characteristics similar to those of their biological counterpart. Despite the complexity of human skeletal muscle, advanced engineering materials and unique approaches can help develop an artificial muscle that replicates its kinematic motions. Herein, biomimetic modular artificial muscle (BiMAM), which is the culmination of different design strategies, is presented, and fabrication methods aimed at developing this BiMAM. This chemically driven modular artificial muscle uses shape memory alloy coated with nanomaterials and nano-catalysts. Herein, a high-energy density fuel is employed to actuate this artificial muscle, enabling fast and efficient outputs. Multiple performance characteristics are determined by conducting controlled experiments. Various methods are demonstrated to control the fuel-based valve system and the actuation of the chemically driven artificial muscle. Lastly, to evaluate its functionality, the curling movement of a robotic finger using BiMAM is demonstrated.
