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Investigation of the parietal-frontal circuit underlying contextual modulation of fear memory

Title
Investigation of the parietal-frontal circuit underlying contextual modulation of fear memory
Alternative Title
맥락 변화에 따른 공포 기억을 조절하는 후두정피질-전측대상회피질 회로 연구
Author(s)
Bitna Joo
DGIST Authors
Bitna JooHyosang LeeJa Wook Koo
Advisor
이효상
Co-Advisor(s)
Ja Wook Koo
Issued Date
2024
Awarded Date
2024-02-01
Type
Thesis
Description
Posterior parietal cortex;anterior cingulate cortex;fear renewal;context;parvalbumin neuron;post-traumatic stress disorder
Abstract
The ability to process contextual stimuli for rapid adaptation to novel circumstances is funda- mental for survival. However, maladaptive information processing can lead to various fear-related disorders. While previous studies have emphasized the importance of cortical pathways in context- dependent fear responses, the precise relationship between novel contextual stimuli and fear reac- tions within cortical networks remains incompletely understood. In this study, I demonstrated that neural activity in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) plays a crucial role in the relapse of conditioned fear responses to an extinguished stimulus in a novel context. Fear relapses were blocked when the PPC was inhibited, particularly in a novel context, but not in a familiar context. Next, I identified the functional output region of the PPC, revealing that the connection between the PPC and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) regulates extinguished fear responses in a novel context. Enhanced calcium activity was observed in ACC neurons receiving PPC projections (PPC-ACC) during fear renewal in a novel context, and increased synaptic activity was examined in PPC-ACC neurons projecting to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) upon fear renewal in a novel context. Moreover, PPC neurons projecting to parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons in the ACC (PPC-ACCPV) con- trolled the relapse of fear memory in a novel context. Furthermore, chronic fluoxetine administra- tions, used in treating fear-related disorders including post-traumatic stress disorders, successfully blocked optogenetically induced high levels of fear response in PPC-ACCPV neurons. In summary, this study deepens our understanding of the neural mechanisms within the PPC-ACC pathway that modulate fear memory relapse in a novel context, contributing to the broader knowledge of fear memory regulation and its implications for managing fear-related disorders. Keywords: Posterior parietal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, fear renewal, context, parvalbumin neuron, post-traumatic stress disorder|맥락 정보를 처리하여 새로운 환경에 빠르게 적응하는 능력은 생존에 필수적이다. 하지만 정보 처리가 잘 이루어지지 않으면 공포와 관련된 다양한 질병을 유발할 수 있다. 이전 연구에서는 맥락 의존적인 공포반응이 일어날 때 대뇌피질 회로의 중요성이 강조되어왔으나, 피질 네트워크 안에서 새로운 맥락 정보와 공포 행동 사이의 정확한 관계는 아직 완전히 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는, 후두정피질의 신경 활성이 새로운 환경에서 어떻게 소거된 자극이 조건화된 공포반응을 재발을 매개하는지 밝히고자 한다. 후두정피질을 억제하면 새로운 환경에서의 공포 재발이 차단되었으나, 익숙한 환경에서의 공포재발에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 또한 후두정피질의 기능적인 출력 영역을 찾아내어 후두정피질과 전측대상회피질 간의 연결이 새로운 환경에서 소거되었던 공포 반응을 조절한다는 것을 밝혔다. 새로운 환경에서 공포 재발 시 후두정피질과 연결된 전측대상회피질 뉴런의 칼슘 신호가 증가하였고, 후두정피질-전측대상회피질 뉴런과 편도체로 신호를 보내는 전측대상회피질 뉴런사이의 시냅스 활성도 새로운 환경에서 공포재발 후 높아졌다. 더불어, 후두정피질의 신호를 받는 전측대상회피질 뉴런 중 파브알부민을 발현하는 억제성 뉴런이 새로운 환경에서의 공포기억 재발을 매개한다는 것을 밝혔다. 더욱이, 외상 후 스트레스 장애를 비롯한 공포와 관련된 질병의 치료에 사용하는 플루옥세틴의 장기투여가 광유전학에 의해 유도된 증가된 공포 반응을 효과적으로 약화시켰다. 요약하면, 본 연구는 후두정피질-전측대상회피질 회로가 새로운 환경에서 공포 기억 재발을 조절하는 신경 매커니즘을 규명함으로써, 공포 기억의 조절과 이와 관련된 병리적 현상의 이해를 확장하는데 기여한다.

핵심어: 후두정피질, 전측대상회피질, 공포 재발, 맥락, 파브알부민 뉴런, 외상 후 스트레스 장애
Table Of Contents
Ⅰ. Introduction 1
1.1 Background and significance 1
1.2 Posterior parietal cortex 2
1.3 Medial prefrontal cortex 4
1.4 Rationale 6
1.5 Research objectives and hypotheses 7
1.5.1 Primary Objective · 7
1.5.2 Investigating the role of the PPC in fear memory 8
1.5.3 Identifying the functional connectivity of the PPC 8
1.5.4 Understanding the neural mechanism of the PPC-ACC pathway 8
1.6 Conclusion 9

Ⅱ. Materials & Methods 10
2.1 Animals 10
2.2 Stereotaxic surgeries 10
2.3 Behavioral assays 11
2.3.1 Fear conditioning apparatus 11
2.3.2 Fear behavioral procedure 12
2.3.3 Open maze apparatus 12
2.3.4 Open field 13
2.3.5 Y-maze 13
2.3.6 Novel object recognition 13
2.4 Optogenetics 13
2.5 Drug treatment 14
2.5.1 Muscimol 14
2.5.2 Fluoxetine 14
2.6 Fiber photometry 14
2.7 Slice electrophysiology 15
2.8 Histology 16
2.9 Statistical analysis 17

Ⅲ. Results 21
3 Investigating the role of the PPC in fear memory 21
3.1 Validation of fear renewal model 21
3.2 Pharmacological inactivation of the PPC in various contextual situations 25
3.2.1 Fear renewal in a novel context (ABC renewal) 25
3.2.2 Fear renewal in a familiar context (ABA renewal) 29
3.2.3 Extinction retrieval 32
3.2.4 Fear reinstatement 35
3.2.5 Fear retrieval in a novel context 38
3.3 Optogenetic manipulation of the PPC in various contextual situations 41
3.3.1 ABC renewal 41
3.3.2 ABA renewal 45
3.3.3 Fear conditioning 48
3.3.4 Extinction 48
3.3.5 Extinction retrieval 52
3.3.6 Differential activation of PPC cells in response to behavioral contexts 55

4 Identifying the functional connectivity of the PPC 57
4.1 Parietal-frontal circuit on ABC renewal 57
4.2 Parallel pathways in context-dependent fear renewal 63
4.3 Physiological properties of ACC-projecting PPC neurons after behaviors 66

5 Understanding the neural mechanism of the PPC-ACC pathway 69
5.1 In vivo calcium dynamics of PPC-ACC neurons 69
5.2 Histology for PPC-ACC projection profile 72
5.3 PPC-driven synaptic activity in BLA-projecting ACC neurons 75
5.4 Optogenetic manipulation of PPC-ACC subpopulations 82
5.5 Attenuation of fear relapse by SSRI treatment 88
5.6 The impact of fluoxetine administration on general mouse behaviors 92

Ⅳ. Discussion 96
Discussion 96

Ⅴ. References 101
References 101

Abstracts in Korean 110
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/47997

http://dgist.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000730986
DOI
10.22677/THESIS.200000730986
Degree
Doctor
Department
Department of Brain Sciences
Publisher
DGIST
Related Researcher
  • 이효상 Lee, Hyosang
  • Research Interests Neuronal circuit mechanisms underlying emotional behaviors; 정서적 행동을 매개하는 신경회로 연구
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Department of Brain Sciences Theses Ph.D.

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