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Frontoparietal inputs are necessary for sustained activity in the PPC during short-term memory

Title
Frontoparietal inputs are necessary for sustained activity in the PPC during short-term memory
Alternative Title
단기 기억 동안 후측두엽 내에서 지속적인 활동을 위한 전두엽-후측두엽 활동의 중요성
Author(s)
soyoun park
DGIST Authors
soyoun parkCheil MoonJong-Cheol Rah
Advisor
문제일
Co-Advisor(s)
Jong-Cheol Rah
Issued Date
2024
Awarded Date
2024-02-01
Type
Thesis
Description
short-term memory (단기기억);prefrontal cortex (전두엽);posterior parietal cortex (후측두엽);optogenetics (옵토제네틱스 기법) ;acetylcholine (아세틸콜린)
Abstract
Short-term memory (STM), the transient storage and maintenance of information, is a fundamental cognitive process. While previous studies have underscored the role of long-range synaptic connections within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the influence of diverse neuromodulators on sustaining neuronal activity and STM, the impact of reciprocal connectivity with the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) on sustained neuronal activity during working memory remains unclear. In this study, we elucidated the dynamic interplay between the PFC and the PPC, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying sustained neuronal firing during short-term memory. Our findings reveal direct and robust synaptic connections from the PFC to the PPC, wherein high-frequency activity of the PFC elicits membrane depolarization in PPC neurons. Notably, we found that cholinergic activation, in conjunction with frontoparietal synaptic activity, induces sustained neuronal firing within the PPC that persists for several seconds. To explore the functional significance of this phenomenon, we employed pharmacological and optogenetic techniques to inhibit frontoparietal synapses or to block muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). Remarkably, the inhibition of frontoparietal synapses or blockage of mAChRs led to a marked decline in performance on a delayed Y-maze task, a behavioral paradigm reliant on STM. Furthermore, We recorded neuronal activity during the behavior task to verify the difference in firing rate during the task and changes of frequency after blockage of acetylcholine release during delay period. These results suggest that the maintenance of sustained activity in the PPC through frontoparietal circuitry, coupled with mAChR activation, represents a critical factor in short-term memory processes. This investigation enhances our understanding of the intricate mechanisms governing STM by elucidating the reciprocal interactions between the PFC and the PPC. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of mAChR activation in sustaining PPC neuronal firing and its impact on STM performance.|본 논문은 PFC-PPC Connectivity 에서의 단기 기억 (STM)과 아세틸콜린의 중요성을 강조합니다. 단기 기억 (STM)은 저장 및 유지는 근본적인 인지 과정입니다. 이전 연구에서는 전두엽 피질 (PFC) 내의 장거리 시냅스 연결의 역할과 다양한 뉴로모듀레이터가 신경 활동 및 단기 기억 유지에 미치는 영향을 강조해 왔지만 작업 기억 중 지속적인 신경 활동과 관련된 후측두엽 피질 (PPC)과의 상호 연결의 영향은 아직 명확하게 밝혀지지 않았습니다. 본 연구에서는 PFC와 PPC 간의 동적 상호 작용을 명료하게 하고 단기 기억 중 지속적인 신경 활동의 기전을 집중하였습니다. 연구 결과는 PFC에서 PPC로 직접적이고 견고한 시냅스 연결이 있음을 보여주며, PFC의 높은 주파수 (10hz)의 영향이 PPC 뉴런의 막 소극화를 유발한다는 것을 밝혔습니다. 특히, 우리는 cholinergic 활성화가 frontoparietal 시냅스 활동과 결합하여 PPC 내에서 지속적인 뉴런 활동을 유발하고 이 활동이 몇 초 동안 지속된다는 것을 발견했습니다. 이 현상의 기능적 중요성을 탐구하기 위해, 우리는 frontoparietal 시냅스 억제 또는 acetylcholine 수용체 차단을 위한 옵토제네틱 기술을 사용했습니다. 놀랍게도, frontoparietal 시냅스 억제 또는 아세틸콜린의 방출 차단은 단기 기억에 의존하는 행동실험에서의 성능 저하를 유발했습니다. 더 나아가, 우리는 행동 작업 중 뉴런 활동을 기록하여 행동 작업 중 Frequency 차이와 지연 기간 중 acetylcholine 방출 차단 이후의 frequency 변화를 검증했습니다. 이러한 결과는 frontoparietal 회로를 통해 PPC에서의 지속적인 활동 유지와 mAChR 활성화가 단기 기억 프로세스에 중요한 요인임을 시사합니다. 이 연구는 PFC와 PPC 간의 상호 작용을 연구하여, STM을 조절하는 복잡한 메커니즘을 이해하는 데 기여합니다. 또한 PPC 뉴런 화재 유지와 STM 성능에 미치는 아세틸콜린 활성화의 중요성을 강조합니다.
Table Of Contents
I. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Sensory information is maintained in the specific regions over delay period 1
1.2 Importance of acetylcholine in short-term memory 6
1.3 PPC dependency to PFC and its role in short-term memory 7


II. MATERIALS AND METHOD

2.1 Animals 11
2.2 Viral vectors 11
2.3 Stereotaxic surgery 11
2.4 in vivo electrophysiology 13
2.5 DNMTP task 14
2.6 Data analysis and statistics 14


III. RESULTS

3.1 Frontoparietal connectivity between PFC and PPC 14
3.2. Frontoparietal activity is necessary during short-term memory 15
3.3 Local inhibition of acetylcholine release at PPC showed deficits of short-term memory 16
3.4 The neuronal activity during short-term memory task 19



IV. FIGURES

Figure 1. Connectivity between PFC and PPC
Figure 2. Electrical stimulation of PFC increased in the firing rate of the PPC.
Figure 3. Photoinhibition frontoparietal activity showed deficits of short-term memory.
Figure 4. Inhibition of Acetylcholine release in PPC showed deficits of short-term memory.
Figure 5. Unit sorting process
Figure 6. The frequency difference between correct and incorrect trials during delay period
Figure 7. Statistical comparison of frequency between correct and incorrect trials
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/48053

http://dgist.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000727098
DOI
10.22677/THESIS.200000727098
Degree
Master
Department
Department of Brain Sciences
Publisher
DGIST
Related Researcher
  • 문제일 Moon, Cheil
  • Research Interests Brain convergent science based on chemical senses; olfaction; 감각신경계 기반 뇌융합과학; 후각 신경계
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