II. Materials and Methods 7 2.1 Materials 7 2.2 Methods 8
III. Results 13 3.1 The activation of GPR40 and GLP-1R increased insulin secretion. 13 3.2 Chronic dual GPR40/GLP-1R agonist injection ameliorates hyperglycemia in diabetic db/db mice. 15 3.3 Chronic administration of the dual GPR40/GLP-1R agonist elevates the portion of insulin-producing β-cells in the db/db islets. · 16 3.4 Chronic injection of dual GPR40/GLP-1R agonist did not induce abnormal liver function. 17 3.5 sExn-4 and dual GPR40/GLP-1R agonist improved insulin signaling in differentiated muscle (C2C12) and adipose (3T3-L1) cells. 18