Saehyuck Oh. (2025). Implantable Bioelectronic Devices for Diagnosis through Physiological Signal Recording and Closed-Loop Neuromodulation Therapy. doi: 10.22677/THESIS.200000842945
List of Contents Abstract i List of contents iii List of tables vi List of figures vii
Ⅰ. Introduction 1 1.1 Bioelectronic implantable devices 1 1.2 Physiological signal recording and closed-loop neuromodulation 8 1.2.1 Mechanical physiological signal recording and closed-loop neuromodulation 9 1.2.2 Thermal physiological signal recording and closed-loop neuromodulation 10 1.2.3 Electrical physiological signal recording and closed-loop neuromodulation 11 1.2.4 Optical physiological signal recording and closed-loop neuromodulation13 1.2.5 Chemical physiological signal recording and closed-loop neuromodulation 14 1.3 Therapeutic implantable closed-loop neuromodulation devices 17 1.4 Requirements for bioelectronic implantable devices 23 1.4.1 Operationality: powering, functionality, communication 27 1.4.2 Integrity: modality, integration, performance29 1.4.3 Adaptability: deformability, implantation, duration 31 1.4.4 Compatibility: animal, consciousness, constraints 34 1.5 Physiological Signals Recording 39 1.5.1 Mechanical biophysiological signals 40 1.5.2 Thermal biophysiological signals 51 1.5.3 Electrical biophysiological signals 60 1.5.4 Optical biophysiological signals 72 1.5.5 Chemical biophysiological signals 84 1.6 Closed-Loop Neuromodulation for Therapy 94 1.6.1 Electrical: electrical stimulation 96 1.6.2 Optical: optogenetics 98 1.6.3 Chemical: drug delivery 101 1.6.4 Multimodal: opto-electric, electro-fluidic, and opto-fluidic 104
Ⅱ. A stealthy neural recorder for the study of behaviour in primates 110 2.1 Introduction 110 2.2 Results 113 2.2.1 Overview of neurobehavioural research using the stealthy neural recorder 113 2.2.2 Flexible deep brain neural probe with a bioresorbable insertion shuttle 117 2.2.3 A body-scale wireless power transfer for naturalistic behaviour 121 2.2.4 Neurobehavioural recording and AI classification of eating behaviour phases in primates 126 2.3 Methods 131 2.3.1 Design, fabrication and electronic circuits of the stealthy neural recorder 131 2.3.2 Fabrication of the neural probe and electrodes 133 2.3.3 Surface modification of neural electrodes 135 2.3.4 Stamp printing of the sucrose needle 136 2.3.5 Integration, assembly and encapsulation of the stealthy neural recorder 139 2.3.6 Wireless communication, device function and system operation 142 2.3.7 In vitro test 144 2.3.8 Noise immunity test under wireless power transmission 144 2.3.9 FEA for mechanical characterization of the neural probe 145 2.3.10 Dynamic mechanical analysis for the transient mechanics of the sucrose-coated neural probe 148 2.3.11 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of 3D nanoporous electrodes 148 2.3.12 Wireless power transfer system coupled with repeater coil 148 2.3.13 Electromagnetic simulation of wireless power transfer 149 2.3.14 Electromagnetic characterization of coils depending on the implant environment 152 2.3.15 Surgical implantation 152 2.3.16 Phases of eating behaviour 155 2.3.17 Neurobehavioural signal recording of eating behaviour in NHPs 158 2.3.18 Neurobehavioural signal analysis 161 2.3.19 Neural spike analysis 161 2.3.20 Eating behaviour classification using AI164 2.3.21 Animals 164 2.3.22 Surgical procedures 164 2.3.23 MRI 165 2.3.23 Tissue processing and histological analysis 166 2.4 Discussion 167 2.5 Supplementary information 168
Ⅲ. Artificial baroreflexer for homeostatic regulation of blood pressure in hypertension 195 3.1 Introduction 195 3.2 Results 201 3.2.1 Design of micro-bump electrode with bioadhesive and in-vivo test 201 3.2.2 Blood pressure, temperature and pulse oximeter sensor 213 3.2.3 Wireless, battery-free, and fully implantable device 219 3.3 Discussion 232
Ⅳ. Advances, challenges and future directions on implantable devices 234 4.1 Engineering challenges 234 4.1.1 Water-resistance and biocompatibility 234 4.1.2 Invasiveness 234 4.1.3 Mechanical mismatch 235 4.1.4 Integrated circuit (IC) 236 4.2 Next-visions 237 4.2.1 Flexible and soft IC 238 4.2.2 AI algorithms for implantable device 239 4.2.3 Edge-AI computing 240 4.2.4 Advanced powering methods 241 4.2.5 Biodegradation 242 4.3 Conclusion 243 References 245 국문요약 271
