Recent progress in the synthesis of nanostructured Ti3C2Tx MXene for energy storage and wastewater treatment: a review

Abstract

MXene-based functional 2D materials hold significant potential for addressing global challenges related to energy and water crises. Since their discovery in 2011, Ti3C2Tx MXenes have demonstrated promising applications due to their unique physicochemical properties and distinctive morphology. Recent advancements have explored innovative strategies to enhance Ti3C2Tx into multifunctional materials, enabling applications in gas sensing, electromagnetic interference shielding, supercapacitors, batteries, water purification, and membrane technologies. Unlike previous reviews that primarily focused on the synthesis, properties, and individual applications of MXenes, this work provides a fundamental discussion of their role in wastewater treatment, recent advancements in energy harvesting, and their broader implications. Additionally, this review offers a comparative analysis of MXene-based systems with other state-of-the-art materials, providing new insights into their future development and potential applications. © 2025 RSC.