Detail View

Identifying the role of TMEM176B and FGL2 in Alzheimer’s disease using human iPSC-derived glial cells

Citations

WEB OF SCIENCE

Citations

SCOPUS

Metadata Downloads

DC Field Value Language
dc.contributor.advisor 이성배 -
dc.contributor.author Jichang Yu -
dc.date.accessioned 2026-01-23T10:53:52Z -
dc.date.available 2026-01-23T10:53:52Z -
dc.date.issued 2026 -
dc.identifier.uri https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/59595 -
dc.identifier.uri http://dgist.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000942526 -
dc.description Alzheimer’s disease, iPSC-derived glia, TMEM176B, FGL2, Amyloid β -
dc.description.abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and neuronal loss. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and multi-omics analyses have identified numerous AD-associated candidate genes, but their functional validation in relevant cell types remains critical. Glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, play central roles in modulating neuronal resilience by regulating ionic balance, lipid metabolism, lysosomal function, and protein clearance. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived models provide a powerful platform to investigate these cell-type-specific mechanisms and the contribution of candidate genes to AD pathogenesis. In Chapter 1, I examined TMEM176B, a non-selective cation channel, in human iPSC-derived astrocytes. TMEM176B deficiency, either through genetic knockout or reduced expression in APOE4 astrocytes, disrupted lysosomal acidification and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ homeostasis, promoted cholesterol accumulation, and elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress. These astrocytic deficits led to secondary consequences in neurons, including impaired cholesterol trafficking, increased oxidative stress, and reduced neuronal firing. Restoration of TMEM176B rescued lysosomal and Ca2+ homeostasis, alleviated lipid and redox imbalance, enhanced Aβ clearance, and normalized neuronal activity, highlighting TMEM176B as a key regulator of astrocytic support for neuronal function. In Chapter 2, I focused on FGL2, a microglia-enriched gene prioritized from the Korean GWAS SNP rs73375428. Using isogenic iPSC-derived microglia, I demonstrated allele-specific regulation of FGL2, which impacts lysosomal activity and Aβ clearance. Microglia carrying the APOE4 allele, a significant AD risk factor, similarly showed elevated FGL2 expression and impaired lysosomal function. Argatroban restored lysosomal activity and Aβ clearance via a thrombin-independent mechanism. Transcriptomic analyses revealed the downregulation of lysosomal genes in FGL2-high microglia, which was rescued by argatroban. These findings highlight FGL2 as a glial-specific modulator of lysosomal function and a potential therapeutic target in AD. Together, these studies highlight the importance of functional validation of candidate genes in glial cells to understand AD pathogenesis. This work underscores the utility of iPSC-derived platforms for dissecting gene–cell type interactions, elucidating mechanisms underlying neuronal vulnerability, and identifying potential therapeutic targets. By integrating genetic, cellular, and functional analyses, this research provides a framework for advancing precision medicine approaches in neurodegenerative disorders.|알츠하이머병은 대표적인 진행성 신경퇴행성 질환으로, 아밀로이드 베타축적, 리소좀 기능 장애, 이온 항상성 이상, 지질 대사 결함 등이 복합적으로 작용하여 신경세포의 손상과 인지기능 저하를 유발한다. 기존 연구는 주로 뉴런을 중심으로 병리 기전을 규명해 왔으나, 최근에는 성상교세포와 미세아교세포와 같은 교세포가 질환의 취약성과 진행을 조절하는 핵심적 주체로 부각되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 인간 유도만능줄기세포 기반 모델과 정밀한 유전자 편집 기술을 활용하여, 교세포에서 후보 유전자의 세포 유형 특이적 기능과 알츠하이머병 병리와의 연관성을 규명하고자 하였다.
연구 결과, TMEM176B는 성상교세포에서 선택적으로 발현이 저하되어 있었으며, 그 결손은 리소좀 산성화와 소포체 칼슘 항상성을 붕괴시키고 지질 대사와 아밀로이드 베타 제거에 심각한 결함을 초래하였다. 이러한 성상교세포의 이상은 공동 배양된 뉴런의 지질 수송 장애, 산화적 스트레스 증가, 신경 발화 감소로 이어졌다. 반면 TMEM176B 발현을 회복하면 리소좀과 칼슘 항상성이 정상화되고, 지질 및 산화환원 균형이 회복되며, Aβ 제거와 신경 활성 역시 개선되었다.
또한, 미세아교세포 특이적으로 발현되는 FGL2는 한국인 GWAS에서 확인된 rs73375428 주요 유전자형 및 APOE4 유전형에서 과발현 되었으며, 이는 리소좀 기능 저하와 아밀로이드 베타 처리 능력 감소와 직접적으로 연관되었다. 기존에 이미 알려져 있는 트롬빈 억제제 아가트로반은 트롬빈 의존성과 무관하게 FGL2의 발현 상승에 따른 기능 장애를 정상화시켰고, 리소좀 활성을 회복시켜 아밀로이드 베타 제거를 촉진하였다. 전사체 분석 및 3차원 뇌 오가노이드 모델에서도 동일한 효과가 검증되었다.
종합적으로, 본 연구는 성상교세포에서 TMEM176B, 미세아교세포에서 FGL2가 각각 알츠하이머병 병리의 중요한 조절자로 작용함을 규명하였다. 이를 통해 교세포 기능을 매개로 한 새로운 병리 기전을 제시하였으며, 두 유전자를 잠재적인 치료 표적으로 제안하였다. 나아가 인간 유도만능줄기세포 기반 모델을 활용한 본 연구 접근은 알츠하이머병 발병 기전의 심층적 이해와 함께 정밀 의학적 치료 전략 개발에 기여할 수 있음을 보여준다.
-
dc.description.tableofcontents Abstract i
List of contents ii
List of figures iv
General introduction vi
References xii

List of Contents
1.Chapter Ⅰ. Astrocytic TMEM176B restores APOE4 astrocytes-induced neuronal dysfunction by rescuing lysosomal and Ca²⁺ homeostasis 1
1.1Abstract 2
1.2Introduction 3
1.3Material and methods 5
1.4Results 12
1.4.1TMEM176B expression is enriched in glia and selectively reduced in AD astrocytes 12
1.4.2APOE4 astrocytes exhibit decreased TMEM176B compared to APOE3 astrocytes 12
1.4.3Validation of TMEM176B reduction in isogenic astrocyte models 12
1.4.4TMEM176B localizes to lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum, regulating Aβ clearance in astrocytes 14
1.4.5TMEM176B overexpression rescues lysosomal function and astrocytic homeostasis 14
1.4.6TMEM176B and Aβ modulate ER Ca²⁺ dynamics in astrocytes 19
1.4.7TMEM176B regulation normalizes ER–cytosolic Ca²⁺ flux in APOE4 astrocytes 19
1.4.8Establishment of neuron–astrocyte co-culture and impact of TMEM176B-deficient astrocytes on neuronal physiology 22
1.4.9TMEM176B overexpression restores neuronal function impaired by APOE4 astrocytes 25
1.5Discussion 31
1.6References 34

2.Chapter ⅠⅠ. Genetic regulation of FGL2 by rs73375428 and its impact on microglial Aβ clearance in Alzheimer's Disease 37
2.1Abstract 37
2.2Introduction 38
2.3Material and methods 40
2.4Results 49
2.4.1SNP rs73375428 regulates FGL2 expression in hiPSCs 49
2.4.2Chromatin interactome and transcriptome analyses predict a microglia-specific regulation of FGL2 49
2.4.3Major rs73375428 shows the increased FGL2 expression and reduced phagocytosis in iMGL 51
2.4.4APOE4 microglia exhibit elevated FGL2 expression and impaired clearance of Aβ. 51
2.4.5Pharmacological inhibition of FGL2 with argatroban restores microglial Aβ clearance 55
2.4.6Microglial FGL2 overexpression exacerbates Aβ accumulation in cortical organoids and is partially rescued by argatroban 60
2.4.7Argatroban restores Aβ uptake in microglia with elevated FGL2 expression, independent of thrombin 60
2.4.8Transcriptome analyses reveal that argatroban rescues FGL2-mediated lysosomal dysfunction in iMGL 63
2.5Discussion 68
2.6References 69

3.General discussion 74
3.1General discussion 74
3.2References 75

4.Korean abstract 76
-
dc.format.extent 76 -
dc.language eng -
dc.publisher DGIST -
dc.title Identifying the role of TMEM176B and FGL2 in Alzheimer’s disease using human iPSC-derived glial cells -
dc.type Thesis -
dc.identifier.doi 10.22677/THESIS.200000942526 -
dc.description.degree Doctor -
dc.contributor.department Department of Brain Sciences -
dc.contributor.coadvisor Seong-Woon Yu -
dc.date.awarded 2026-02-01 -
dc.publisher.location Daegu -
dc.description.database dCollection -
dc.citation XT.BD 유78 202602 -
dc.date.accepted 2026-01-19 -
dc.contributor.alternativeDepartment 뇌과학과 -
dc.subject.keyword Alzheimer’s disease, iPSC-derived glia, TMEM176B, FGL2, Amyloid β -
dc.contributor.affiliatedAuthor Jichang Yu -
dc.contributor.affiliatedAuthor Sung Bae Lee -
dc.contributor.affiliatedAuthor Seong-Woon Yu -
dc.contributor.alternativeName 유지창 -
dc.contributor.alternativeName Sung Bae Lee -
dc.contributor.alternativeName 유성운 -
dc.rights.embargoReleaseDate 2027-02-28 -
Show Simple Item Record

File Downloads

  • There are no files associated with this item.

공유

qrcode
공유하기

Total Views & Downloads

???jsp.display-item.statistics.view???: , ???jsp.display-item.statistics.download???: