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Relationship between personality and breeding behavior in an urban bird, the Oriental Magpie (Pica serica)

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Title
Relationship between personality and breeding behavior in an urban bird, the Oriental Magpie (Pica serica)
Alternative Title
까치의 성격과 번식 행동 간의 상관관계
DGIST Authors
Hyo-hyun KimSang-im LeePiotr G. Jablonski
Advisor
이상임
Co-Advisor(s)
Piotr G. Jablonski
Issued Date
2025
Awarded Date
2025-08-01
Type
Thesis
Description
Urbanization, Behavioral ecology, Behavioral plasticity, Nest territory, Population comparison, Food-value theory, Nest site selection, Parental effort, Nest defense, Provisioning, Trade-off, Breeding success, Personality, Boldness, Pro-activeness, Neophobia, Exploration, Social development, Oriental Magpie
Abstract

Urbanization transforms natural habitats and induces behavioral adjustments in birds, caused by behavioral plasticity. Behavioral plasticity is important for the evolution of urban residents because behavioral differences lead to population divergence, providing insight into adaptive strategies in urban animals. I explore the impact of urbanization on the Oriental magpie (Pica serica) across several behavioral aspects, from nest site selection to offspring social behavior. Results of these studies show that the size of magpies’ nest territories is negatively linked to the area of grassland and positively related to the area of roads. Magpies inhabiting more urbanized areas exhibit a lower propensity for nest defense and produce healthier nestlings. However, this relationship is easily influenced by the parents’ personalities; neophilic and more explorative magpies display more nest defense in more urbanized areas, while neophobic and less explorative magpies show less nest defense in the similar habitat. Moreover, I found that fledglings raised by parents who exhibited more nest defense behavior dispersed further from their natal territory and joined larger groups composed of more adults. These results suggest that urbanization widely influences the alteration of magpie behavior from parents to offspring, and researchers should consider various factors when examining adaptation in urban environments.|도시화(urbanization)는 자연적인 서식지를 인공적으로 변화시키며, 이 변화에 적응하기 위해 새의 행동 또한 변화하게 된다. 이는 행동 가소성(behavioral plasticity)을 기반으로 하며, 도시에 서식하는 동물에 있어 행동 가소성은 개체군의 분기를 일으킬 수 있는 요인이기 때문에 도시에서 일어나는 야생 동물의 적응과 진화를 이해하는데 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 도심에 서식하는 까치(Pica serica)의 행동 변화에 도시화가 어떤 영향을 미치는 지 둥지 위치 선택부터 새끼의 사회 행동까지 전반적으로 탐구한다. 까치의 둥지 영역 크기는 초원 영역이 작아지고 도로 영역이 커질수록 증가했다. 도시화가 심한 환경에 서식하는 부모 까치는 둥지 방어 행동 정도가 덜 했으며, 이들은 좋은 건강상태의 새끼를 길러냈다. 그러나 이런 결과는 부모의 성격 요소를 추가하여 분석했을 때 더 복잡한 결과를 나타냈는데, 새로운 것에 덜 공포를 느끼고(neophilia) 탐험 적인(more explorative) 성격의 부모가 도시화가 심한 서식지에서 더 심한 둥지 방어 행동을 보였으나, 새로운 것에 공포를 더 느끼고(neophobic) 덜 탐험 적인(less explorative) 성격의 부모는 비슷한 서식지에서 정도가 낮은 둥지 방어 행동을 보였기 때문이다. 또한 둥지 방어 행동의 차이는
새끼의 사회성 발달에 영향을 미쳤는데, 부모의 둥지 방어 행동이 심한 둥지의 새끼들은 태어난 둥지에서 더 먼 곳으로 분산하여 성조가 많은 비율을 차지하는 큰 크기의 사회 그룹에 속하는 경향성을 보였다. 이런 결과들은 도시화가 부모부터 새끼까지의 행동에 광범위한 영향을 미치며, 도시 환경에서의 적응을 연구할 때 개입할 수 있는 다양한 요소들을 다방면으로 분석해야한다는 점을 시사한다.

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Table Of Contents
List of Contents
Abstract i
List of contents ii
List of tables v
List of figures vi

Ⅰ. Introduction

Ⅱ. Chapter 1: Relationship between habitat urbanization and territory size in the Oriental Magpie (Pica serica)
2.1 Abstract 5
2.2 Introduction 5
2.3 Materials and Methods 7
2.3.1 Territory size measurement 7
2.3.2 Habitat composition characterization 7
2.3.3 Statistical analysis 8
2.4 Results 9
2.4.1 Population difference in territory size and habitat composition 9
2.4.2 Relationship between habitat composition and territory size 12
2.5 Discussion 12
2.6 References 14

Ⅲ. Chapter 2: Effect of habitat urbanization on the relationship between nest defense and breeding success in the Oriental Magpie (Pica serica)
3.1 Abstract 16
3.2 Introduction 16
3.3 Materials and Methods 18
3.3.1 Field procedures 18
3.3.2 Bird behavior 19
3.3.3 Habitat characterization 20
3.3.4 Statistical analyses 21
3.4 Results 22
3.4.1 Relationship between habitat characteristics and nest defense behavior 22
3.4.2 Relationship between nest defense and breeding success 23
3.5 Discussion 26
3.6 References 29

Ⅳ. Chapter 3: The relationship between parental personality and parental behavior depends
on habitat urbanization in the Oriental Magpie (Pica serica)
4.1 Abstract 33
4.2 Introduction 33
4.3 Materials and Methods 35
4.3.1 Field procedure 35
4.3.2 Personality measurement 36
4.3.3 Parental effort 39
4.3.4 Habitat characterization 41
4.3.5 Statistical analyses 42
4.4 Results 43
4.4.1 Nest site selection 43
4.4.2 Relationship between personality and habitat urbanization on parental effort 44
4.4.3 Trade-off between breeding behaviors 48
4.4.4 Breeding success depended on the interplay among personality, habitat characteristics, and parental effort 50
4.5 Discussion 50
4.6 Supplementary materials 53
4.6.1 Magpie nestlings’ growth pattern of two populations 53
4.6.2 Behavioral comparison between control trial and treatment trial of personality test 54
4.6.3 Repeatability of personality 55
4.7 References 56

Ⅴ. Chapter 4: Pre-fledging parental effort predicts post-fledging development of social behavior in the Oriental Magpie (Pica serica)
5.1 Abstract 61
5.2 Introduction 61
5.3 Material and Methods 64
5.3.1 Field procedure 64
5.3.2 Statistical analyses 66
5.4 Results 67
5.5 Discussion 72
5.6 References 74
URI
https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/59814
http://dgist.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000893302
DOI
10.22677/THESIS.200000893302
Degree
Master
Department
Department of New Biology
Publisher
DGIST
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