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Engineering Structural Asymmetry for Magnetization Control in Magnetic Thin Films
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- Title
- Engineering Structural Asymmetry for Magnetization Control in Magnetic Thin Films
- DGIST Authors
- Tae-Hwan Kim ; Jung-Il Hong
- Advisor
- 홍정일
- Issued Date
- 2026
- Awarded Date
- 2026-08-01
- Type
- Thesis
- Description
- Spin Hall effect, Activation of antiferromagnetism, Exchange bias, Field-free switching, Interlayer exchange coupling, Ferromagnetic resonance, CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB
- Abstract
-
This thesis proposes a novel paradigm in spintronics by investigating the precise engineering of structural and chemical asymmetry within magnetic thin films to enhance functional efficiency and simplify device architectures. Moving beyond conventional interface-dependent stacking methods, this work focuses on two strategic approaches to manipulate magnetic states and interactions through internal-body engineering. In the first part, we demonstrate functional spintronic operations within a single layer magnetic nanocomposite by utilizing chemical asymmetry. Through a controlled partial oxidation of Pt-Co0.7Ni0.3 alloys, we fabricated disordered nanostructures where ferromagnetic and diluted antiferromagnetic couplings coexist. We discovered that thermally unstable antiferromagnetic spins can be dynamically activated at room temperature via spin currents generated by the spin Hall effect. Crucially, an internal vertical oxygen concentration gradient is found to break structural symmetry, enabling field-free magnetization self-switching in a single- layer film. The second part explores the manipulation of interlayer exchange coupling in heterostructures by controlling crystallographic asymmetry. By utilizing a Ta boron sinker and MgO diffusion barriers, we successfully induced selective crystallization between two CoFeB layers. Verified through ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy, this structural differentiation allows for the deterministic reversal of the IEC sign from an antiferromagnetic to a ferromagnetic state solely through the annealing process. In conclusion, this research establishes that engineering internal asymmetry—whether through chemical gradients or selective phase transitions—provides a robust pathway for magnetization control. These strategies offer significant advantages for the development of high-density, energy-efficient, and simplified spintronic architectures, such as next-generation SOT-MRAM.|자기 박막 시스템에서 자화 제어를 위한 구조적 비대칭성 설계
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본 논문에서는 차세대 스핀트로닉스 소자의 효율적인 자화 제어를 위해, 자성 박막내에 의도적인 구조적 및 화학적 비대칭성을 설계하는 새로운 접근 방식을 제안한다. 박막 내부의 조성을 조절하거나 결정화 상태를 비대칭적으로 유동함으로써 자성 상태를 정밀하게 제어하는 두 가지 연구를 수행하였다.
첫 번째 연구에서는 단일층 자성나노복합체 박막 내의 화학적 비대칭성을 활용한 기능적 스핀 동작을 보고한다. 부분 산화 공정을 통해 강자성과 반강자성 상이 공존하는 Pt-Co0.7Ni0.3-O 단일 박막을 제조하였으며, 스핀 홀 효과로 생성된 스핀 전류가 상온에서 열적으로 불안정한 반강자성 스핀을 활성화 및 정렬시킴을 확인하였다. 특히 박막 내부에 형성된 수직적 산소 농도 구배가 구조적 대칭성을 깨뜨림으로써, 외부 자기장 없이 전류만으로 자화 방향을 반전시키는 field-free self-switching을 단일 박막에서 성공적으로 구현하였다.
두 번째 연구에서는 자성 적층 구조에서 결정 구조적 비대칭성을 이용하여 층간 교환 결합의 극성을 제어하는 기술을 제시한다. 붕소 흡수원(Ta) 과 붕소 확산 방지 층(MgO)를 적절히 배치하여 열처리 과정 중 두 자성층 사이에 선택적 결정화를 유도하였다. 강자성 공명 분석을 통해, 이러한 결정 상태 차이만으로 층간 교환 결합 부호를 반강자성에서 강자성 상태로 반전시킬 수 있음을 입증하였다.
결론적으로 본 연구는 박막 내부의 비대칭성 엔지니어링이 스핀트로닉스 소자의 기능적 효율성을 극대화할 수 있는 강력한 파라미터임을 보여준다. 이러한 전략은 향후 고밀도, 저전력 자성 메모리 및 차세대 자성 소자 개발에 중요한 기여를 할 것으로 기대된다.
- Table Of Contents
-
Abstract i
List of contents ii
List of tables iv
List of figures v
Chapter 1. Theoretical background 1
1.1 Magnetism 1
1.1.1 Ferromagnetism 1
1.1.2 Antiferromagnetism 3
1.2 Exchange interaction 4
1.3 Exchange bias effect 5
1.4 Blocking temperature 7
1.5 Spin-orbit interaction 7
1.6 Spin Hall effect 9
1.7 Spin-orbit torque 11
1.8 Interlayer exchange coupling 11
1.9 Ferromagnetic resonance 12
Chapter 2. Electrical activation of antiferromagnetism and exchange bias effect for the field-free self-switching of magnetization in a partially oxidized Pt-Co0.7Ni0.3 single layer film 14
2.1 Overview 14
2.2 Introduction 16
2.3 Experimental details 18
2.3.1 Thin film deposition and device fabrication 18
2.3.2 Structural and compositional analysis 18
2.3.3 Magnetic and transport measurements 19
2.4 Structural and electrical properties of disordered nanostructure 20
2.4.1 Degree of oxidation and electric properties 20
2.4.2 Microstructural characteristics and atomic disordering 24
2.5 Magnetic properties and thermal stability 33
2.5.1 Thermal stability and blocking temperature of the AFM phase 33
2.5.2 Coexistence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic couplings 37
2.6 Current-induced exchange bias and activation of antiferromagnetism 40
2.6.1 Electrical activation of diluted spins and magnetization suppression 40
2.6.2 Quantitative control of exchange bias via charge current density 44
2.6.3 Quantitative exclusion of thermal artifacts and Joule heating effects 48
2.6.4 Verification of the spin Hall effect via Au-Co0.7Ni0.3-O thin film 54
2.6.5 Verification of the antiferromagnetic origin via Pt-Fe-O thin film 58
2.6.6 Oxidation degree dependence of the current-induced exchange bias 62
2.6.7 Reversible electrical control 65
2.7 Symmetry breaking via oxygen concentration gradient 69
2.7.1 Oxygen concentration gradient and polarity control 69
2.7.2 Analysis of spin-orbit torque via harmonic Hall measurement 73
2.7.3 Verification of minor effect of Pt segregation near substrate 77
2.8 Field-free self-switching and thickness dependence 79
2.8.1 Demonstration of field-free self-switching 79
2.8.2 Thickness dependence of induced exchange bias field 83
2.9 Summary 86
Chapter 3. Reversal of interlayer exchange coupling via asymmetric crystallization in Ta/Co2Fe6B2/MgO/Co2Fe6B2/MgO heterostructures 88
3.1 Overview 88
3.2 Introduction 89
3.3 Experimental details 91
3.3.1 Sample fabrication and annealing process 91
3.3.2 Characterization methods 93
3.4 Asymmetric crystallization induced by post-annealing 95
3.4.1 Mechanism of selective crystallization 95
3.4.2 Dependence of asymmetric crystallization on MgO spacer thickness 96
3.5 Static magnetic properties and asymmetry confirmation 98
3.5.1 Evaluation of saturation magnetization 98
3.5.2 Correlation between magnetic asymmetry and resonance mode visibility 101
3.6 Dynamic magnetic properties and IEC sign reversal 102
3.6.1 Observation of optical and acoustic modes 102
3.6.2 Thickness dependence and transition regime 104
3.7 Quantification of interlayer exchange coupling 107
3.7.1 Frequency dependence and Kittel analysis 107
3.7.2 Magnitude and sign reversal of coupling energy 110
3.8 Summary 112
Chapter 4. Conclusion 113
References 115
Summary (in Korean) 124
- URI
-
https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/60755
http://dgist.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200001006668
- Degree
- Doctor
- Department
- Department of Physics and Chemistry
- Publisher
- DGIST
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