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A trade-off in parental investment between first and second breeding attempts in the Oriental Magpie(Pica serica)

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Title
A trade-off in parental investment between first and second breeding attempts in the Oriental Magpie(Pica serica)
Alternative Title
까치(Pica serica)의 번식 시도 간 양육 투자의 관계
DGIST Authors
Heeju MunSang-im Lee
Advisor
이상임
Issued Date
2026
Awarded Date
2026-08-01
Type
Thesis
Description
renesting, parental investment, time constraint, cost of reproduction, carry-over effect, Oriental Magpie
Abstract

Many avian species breed multiple times a year but how the first investment shapes subsequent performance remains poorly understood. Using long-term monitoring data (2008–2025) on the Oriental Magpie (Pica serica), breeding timing, parental investment, and reproductive outcomes were examined in 278 pairs that failed in their first breeding attempt, of which 68 subsequently initiated a replacement clutch. Breeding timing, not investment level at either the egg or chick stage, predicted the probability of renesting. In second attempts, egg-stage investment was reduced while individual egg size was maintained. Among renesting pairs, those that had experienced chick failure produced smaller eggs and achieved lower fledging success in their second attempt. A quantity–quality trade-off between brood size and offspring body condition was detected marginally in second attempts but not in first, suggesting that parental resources were more constrained during replacement brooding. Greater egg-stage investment in first attempts was associated with reduced chick-stage investment in second attempts, while greater chick-stage investment in first attempts predicted higher fledging success in second attempts. These findings suggest that renesting in the Oriental Magpie is governed primarily by time constraints, while the details of second-attempt performance reflect both stage-dependent carry-over costs and individual quality of the breeders.|많은 종은 평생 동안 여러 번 번식하며, 조류 중에는 한 해 한 번 이상 번식하는 종이 많다.여러 번 반복 번식하는 경우 번식에 투자할 수 있는 자원 및 에너지의 양이 한정되어 있으므로 번식시도 간 투자량에 타협이 존재할 것으로 예측됨에도 번식시도 간 투자량의 차이나 이전의 번식투자가 이후의 번식수행도에 미치는 영향은 아직 충분히 이해되지 않았다. 이 연구에서는 서울대학교 캠퍼스에서 수집한 장기 모니터링 데이터(2008–2025)를 이용하여, 연 내 첫 번째 번식에 실패한 까치(Pica serica) 278쌍의 번식 시기, 양육 투자, 번식 결과를 분석하였으며, 이 중 68쌍이 같은 시즌 내 재번식을 시도하였다. 번식 시기가 이른 개체일수록 재번식 가능성이 높았으며, 산란 투자량이나 새끼 양육 투자량은 재번식 여부를 예측하지 못했다. 재번식 시도에서는 산란 투자가 감소하였으며, 첫 번째 번식에서 새끼 단계에 실패한 쌍은 더 작은 알을 낳고 이소 성공률도 낮았다. 새끼 수와 개체 체질량 간의 양-질 상충관계는 두 번째 번식에서만 관찰되어, 재번식 시기에 양육 자원이 보다 제한적으로 작용함을 시사하였다. 첫 번째 번식의 산란 단계 투자가 높을수록 두 번째 번식의 새끼 단계 투자가 감소하였으며, 반대로 첫 번째 번식의 새끼 단계 투자가 높을수록 두 번째 번식의 이소율이 높아졌다. 이러한 결과는 까치의 재번식이 주로 시간적 제약에 의해 결정되지만, 그 양상은 두 번식 시도 간 양육 투자의 타협 및 번식 개체의 개체 질에 따라 달라짐을 시사한다.

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Table Of Contents
List of Contents
Abstract i
List of contents ii
List of tables iii
List of figures iv
Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Materials and methods
2.1. Field procedures and data collection 4
2.2. Classification of breeding status and failure types 4
2.3. Indices for parental investment 5
2.4. Statistical analyses 7
Ⅲ. Results
3.1. Earlier breeding timing, not investment level, predicted renesting probability
3.1.1. Earlier laying date predicted renesting probability 9
3.1.2. Egg-stage investment did not predict renesting probability 12
3.1.3. Chick-stage investment did not predict renesting probability 14
3.2. First-attempt failure type and investment shaped second-attempt timing and outcomes
3.2.1. Chick failure delayed the onset of second breeding attempts 17
3.2.2. Second attempts showed selective reduction in investment 19
3.2.3. The stage of first-attempt failure shaped second-attempt investment and reproductive success 20
3.2.4. Quantity–quality trade-off at the chick stage emerged only in second attempts 23
3.2.5.Carry-over effects of first-attempt investment on second-attempt breeding 25
Ⅳ. Discussions 27
Ⅴ. References 30
국문 초록 (Abstract in Korean) 32
URI
https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/60775
http://dgist.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200001019868
DOI
10.22677/THESIS.200001019868
Degree
Master
Department
Department of New Biology
Publisher
DGIST
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