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Bilateral Interaction between Human-Machine Interface and 4WIS for Dynamic Vehicle Motions

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dc.contributor.advisor 오세훈 -
dc.contributor.author Jihoon Hwang -
dc.date.accessioned 2026-09-01T19:31:59Z -
dc.date.available 2026-09-02T06:00:35Z -
dc.date.issued 2026 -
dc.identifier.uri https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/60789 -
dc.identifier.uri http://dgist.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200001017362 -
dc.description 4륜 독립 조향, 인간-기계 인터페이스, 양방향 상호작용, 차량 수준 안정성 지수, 적응형 조향감 -
dc.description.abstract Advances in electric chassis technologies based on four-wheel independent steering (4WIS) and four in-wheel motors (4IWM) enable vehicles to generate expanded dynamic motions, in- cluding not only yaw rate (γ) but also side-slip angle (β). However, a conventional single-DOF steering wheel is insufficient for intuitively commanding these two DOFs, and in a 4WIS vehi- cle, the front-tire self-aligning torque no longer represents vehicle-level stability. This thesis formulates four problems by separating the interaction into Forward and Back- ward Interaction, and proposes a bilateral-interaction framework between the HMI and the 4WIS vehicle. For Forward Interaction, a new two-DOF HMI is proposed in which the rotational DOF generates the γ command and the differential handle motion generates the β command. An input-coordinate transformation to the Support-Drift coordinates is introduced to separate un- intended inputs from the driver’s intended steering inputs. For Backward Interaction, a vehicle-level stability index κ is defined from the tire friction circle. Adaptive damping (Bdrift) is assigned to the β DOF and adaptive stiffness (Kyaw) to the γ DOF, encouraging the driver to regulate motion commands within the stable region. The proposed system was validated in a Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation (HILS) envi- ronment through repeated lane-change and simultaneous β–γ motion scenarios with five par- ticipants. With adaptive steering feel, the peak κ and peak β̇ were reduced by approximately 27.7% and 25.5% on average, respectively, and phase-plane analysis confirmed that motion commands were effectively maintained within the stable region. Keywords: four-wheel independent steering (4WIS), human–machine interface (HMI), bilat- eral interaction, vehicle-level stability index, adaptive steering feel|4륜 독립 조향(4WIS) 및 인휠 모터(4IWM) 기반 전동 섀시 기술의 발전으로 차량은 요 레이트(γ)와 횡슬립각(β)을 포함한 확장된 동역학적 거동을 생성할 수 있게 되었다. 그러나 기존의 단일 자유도 스티어링 휠로는 이러한 2자유도 운동을 직관적으로 명령하기 어려우며, 4WIS 환경에서는 전륜 자기정렬 토크가 차량 수준의 안정성 정보를 대표하지 못한다.
본 논문은 이를 Forward Interaction과 Backward Interaction으로 구분하여 HMI와 4WIS 차량 간의 양방향 상호작용(Bilateral Interaction) 프레임워크를 제안한다. Forward Interaction에서는 회전 자유도로 γ를, 좌우 핸들의 차동 입력으로 β를 명령하는 2자유도 신규 HMI를 제안하고, Support-Drift 좌표변환을 통해 비의도적 입력과 의도적 조향 입력을 분리한다. Backward Interaction에서는 타이어 마찰원 기반의 차량 수준 핸들링 안정성 지수 κ를 정의하고, β 자유도에 적응형 댐핑(B_drift)을, γ 자유도에 적응형 강성(K_yaw)을 매핑하여 운전자의 모션 입력이 안정 영역 내에서 자연스럽게 조절되도록 유도한다.
HILS 환경에서의 검증 결과, 적응형 스티어링 필 적용 시 한 명의 예외 운전자를 제외한 대부분의 운전자에서 피크 κ가 평균 약 27.7%, 피크 β̇가 평균 약 25.5% 감소하였으며, β–γ 위상 평면 분석을 통해 운전자의 운동 명령이 안정 영역 내에 효과적으로 유지됨을 확인하였다.
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dc.description.tableofcontents 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background and Motivation 1
1.2 Related Works 2
1.3 Problem Statement 3
1.4 Research Objectives and Thesis Organization 4
2 Proposed Methods 6
2.1 New 2-DOF Human-Machine Interface 6
2.2 Input Coordinate Transformation 9
2.3 Steering Interaction Controller 11
2.3.1 Controller Structure 11
2.3.2 Interaction Model per Coordinate 15
2.4 Vehicle-Level Stability Index 16
2.5 Adaptive Steering Feel Parameter Mapping 18
3 Experiments and Results 21
3.1 Validation of Support-Drift Coordinate Transformation 21
3.1.1 Steer-intended and Unintended Motion Separation 21
3.1.2 Steering Feel Variation 22
3.2 HILS Driving Experiments 23
3.2.1 Scenario1 : Repeated Lane Change by β Motion 24
3.2.2 Scenario2 : Circular Driving with Simultaneous β–γ Motion 26
3.3 Discussion 28
4 Conclusion and Future Works 31
4.1 Conclusion 31
4.2 FutureWorks 31
References 34
요 약 문 35
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dc.format.extent 35 -
dc.language eng -
dc.publisher DGIST -
dc.title Bilateral Interaction between Human-Machine Interface and 4WIS for Dynamic Vehicle Motions -
dc.title.alternative 4륜 독립 조향 차량의 동적인 차량 모션을 위한 인간-기계 인터페이스와의 양방향 상호작용 -
dc.type Thesis -
dc.identifier.doi 10.22677/THESIS.200001017362 -
dc.description.degree Master -
dc.contributor.department Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering -
dc.date.awarded 2026-08-01 -
dc.publisher.location Daegu -
dc.description.database dCollection -
dc.citation XT.RM 황78 202608 -
dc.date.accepted 2026-07-21 -
dc.contributor.alternativeDepartment 로봇및기계전자공학과 -
dc.subject.keyword 4륜 독립 조향, 인간-기계 인터페이스, 양방향 상호작용, 차량 수준 안정성 지수, 적응형 조향감 -
dc.contributor.affiliatedAuthor Jihoon Hwang -
dc.contributor.affiliatedAuthor Sehoon Oh -
dc.contributor.alternativeName 황지훈 -
dc.contributor.alternativeName Sehoon Oh -
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