Advances in Triboelectric Nanogenerators-Based Smart Infrastructure and IoT Applications

Abstract

With the rapid development of today's infrastructure networks, there is now more need than ever before for self-reliant systems capable of lowering the reliance on human intervention and maintenance. The current methods used for smart infrastructures rely on energy-consuming sensors that can pose problems related to their limited life spans and high costs of maintenance and scalability. Even though wireless technologies have made it possible to monitor and control operations in real time, their dependence on power systems remains problematic. In this sense, TENGs serve as a viable solution to the problem through capturing mechanical energy to power self-powered sensing devices. The current review presents a comprehensive analysis of smart infrastructure systems with TENGs as the energy source for applications in smart building, transportation, environmental monitoring, agriculture, and Internet of Things platforms. In contrast to other studies, which primarily concentrate on developments in materials or devices, this study focuses on TENG-based smart infrastructure and applications. Major challenges and possible solutions are presented. Overall, this review highlights the transition from battery-dependent systems toward potentially autonomous and low-maintenance smart infrastructure, while discussing the remaining scientific and engineering challenges that must be addressed before widespread practical deployment.