Dry Pre-Lithiation for Graphite-Silicon Diffusion-Dependent Electrode for All-Solid-State Battery

Abstract

The graphite/silicon-based diffusion-dependent electrodes (DDEs) are one of the promising electrode designs to realize high energy density for all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) beyond conventional composite electrode design. However, the graphite/silicon-based electrode also suffers from large initial irreversible capacity loss and capacity fade caused by significant volume change during cycling, which offsets the advantages of the DDEs in ful-cell configuration. Herein, a new concept is presented for DDEs, dry pre-lithiated DDEs (PL-DDEs) by introducing Li metal powder. Since Li metal powder provides Li ions to graphite and silicon even in a dry state, the lithiation states of active materials is increased. Moreover, the residual Li within PL-DDE further serves as an activator and a reservoir for promoting the lithiation reaction of the active materials and compensating for the active Li loss upon cycling, respectively. Based on these merits, ASSBs with PL-DDE exhibit excellent cycling performance with higher columbic efficiency (85.2% retention with 99.6% CE at the 200th cycle) compared to bare DDE. Therefore, this dry lithiation process must be a simple but effective design concept for DDEs for high-energy-density ASSBs. © 2023 The Authors. Advanced Energy Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.(CC BY-NC)