Advances in Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

The increasing global demand for clean water necessitates innovative and sustainable wastewater treatment technologies. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), particularly those utilizing polymers, have emerged as a promising self-powered solution for environmental applications, offering the potential to drive wastewater treatment processes without external energy input. This review comprehensively examines the application of polymer-based TENGs for sustainable wastewater treatment. It begins by classifying TENGs and outlining common fabrication methods, followed by a detailed discussion of the principles governing TENG operation in environmental contexts. A key focus is on the mechanisms of TENG-powered dye degradation, highlighting the role of reactive species generated by the TENG. It is then delve into the specific advantages of polymer-based TENGs as efficient energy harvesters for various wastewater treatment applications. This review addresses the current challenges in the field, including material durability, energy conversion efficiency, and scalability, and offers perspectives on future research directions aimed at realizing the full potential of polymer-based TENG technology for sustainable wastewater treatment.