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Cortex-wide activity and connectivity patterns during locomotion

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Title
Cortex-wide activity and connectivity patterns during locomotion
Alternative Title
보행 중 대뇌 피질 전반의 활성 및 연결성 패턴
DGIST Authors
ChangHak LeeKwang LeeMyungin Baek
Advisor
이광
Co-Advisor(s)
Myungin Baek
Issued Date
2025
Awarded Date
2025-08-01
Type
Thesis
Description
Sensory-motor integration, Widefield calcium imaging, Motorized locomotion, Cortical activity, Cortical connectivity
Abstract

The ability to move within a given environment requires continuous integration of sensory input and motor output across the cortex. However, the mechanisms by which cortical regions coordinate this process under different locomotor contexts remain unclear. In this study, we examined cortex-wide neural activity during motorized locomotion in mice using widefield calcium imaging. Animals walked on a treadmill, a wheel, and a disk, which differed in curvature and directional predictability but moved at the same constant speed. To separate sensory-driven signals from action-related components, we applied partial least squares regression to remove kinematic influences such as limb movement and pupil area.
We found that spatial patterns of cortical activity and connectivity were shaped by the type of locomotor environment. Wheel locomotion evoked widespread sensory-driven activity, whereas treadmill locomotion showed relatively weaker activity but stronger connectivity, with a distinct reduction in medial secondary motor cortex (M2). Cosine similarity analysis further revealed that disk and wheel locomotion promoted strong alignment between regional activity and connectivity, while the treadmill induced spatially heterogeneous relationships. These findings suggest that medial M2 may suppress unnecessary interregional coupling during externally guided, stable movement, supporting efficient sensory-motor integration in predictable contexts. The spatial organization of cortical activity and connectivity was strongly shaped by the locomotor environment, with stable linear tracks promoting internally regulated cortical coordination through inhibitory modulation by M2. Together, these results demonstrate that the cortical organization of locomotion is dynamically regulated by environmental structure.|보행은 대뇌 피질 전반에 걸친 감각 입력과 운동 출력의 지속적인 통합을 필요로 한다. 이러한 감각-운동 통합은 적응적 행동에 필수적이지만, 다양한 보행 조건에서 피질 영역 간 상호작용이 어떻게 이루어지는지는 명확히 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 대면적 칼슘 이미징을 활용하여 마우스가 모터로 구동되는 treadmill, wheel, disk track 위를 보행할 때 나타나는 피질 전체의 신경 역학을 관찰하였다. 세 가지 track은 곡률과 이동 방향에서 차이를 보였으나, 속도는 동일하게 유지되었다. 감각 주도적 피질 신호를 분리하기 위해 부분 최소자승 회귀(PLSR)를 적용하여 뒷발 움직임, 동공 크기 등 행동학적 운동 변수로부터 비롯된 영향을 제거하였다.
피질 활성과 영역 간 연결성은 track 종류에 따라 체계적으로 달라졌다. wheel에서는 전반적인 피질 활성이 강하게 나타났으며, treadmill에서는 활성이 약한 반면 연결성은 강하게 나타났고, 특히 내측 이차운동피질(M2)에서 선택적인 연결성 감소가 관찰되었다. 코사인 유사도 분석 결과, disk와 wheel에서는 활성과 연결성이 높은 유사도를 보인 반면, treadmill 보행에서는 특히 내측 M2에서 공간적으로 이질적인 양상이 나타났다 이는 내측 M2가 예측 가능한 보행 환경에서 불필요한 피질 간 결합을 억제함으로써, 효율적인 감각-운동 통합을 조절하는 기능을 수행할 수 있음을 시사한다. 이러한 결과는 피질의 활성 및 연결성이 보행 환경의 구조적 특성에 따라 유동적으로 조절되며, 감각-운동 통합 전략 또한 그에 따라 적응적으로 변화함을 보여준다.

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Table Of Contents
Ⅰ. Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Limitations of Previous Research 1
1.3 Summary of Study 2
Ⅱ. Method 4
2.1 Animal 4
2.2 Surgical Procedures 4
2.3 Immunohistochemistry 5
2.4 Behavior Training 5
2.5 Behavior Analysis 6
2.6 Widefield Calcium Imaging 6
2.7 Preprocessing of Widefield Calcium Images 7
2.8 Actual Cortical Activity and Connectivity 8
2.9 Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) correction 8
2.10 Cortical Relationship between activity and connectivity 9
2.11 Quantification and Statistical Analysis 9
Ⅲ. Results 11
3.1 Overview of analysis approach 11
3.2 Track-dependent modulation of cortex-wide activity and connectivity 15
3.3 Sensory-Driven Activity is Reduced in Predictable Environments 19
3.4 Connectivity Patterns Differ Across Locomotor Contexts 23
3.5 Medial M2 Shows Selective Context-Dependent Connectivity Reduction 25
Ⅳ. Discussion 27
4.1 Context-dependent modulation of sensory-motor cortical dynamics 27
4.2 Sensory-driven connectivity reveals interregional coordination 28
4.3 Cortical state revealed by activity-connectivity relationship 28
4.4 Interpretational significance and methodological considerations 29
Ⅳ. Conclusion 31
References 32
요약문 37
URI
https://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/59806
http://dgist.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000892310
DOI
10.22677/THESIS.200000892310
Degree
Master
Department
Department of Brain Sciences
Publisher
DGIST
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