Evaluation of disposal techniques for electronic circuit board waste based on fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis

Abstract

The rapid increase in electronic waste demands sustainable disposal solutions for non-recyclable circuit boards. This study introduces a novel fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) framework that integrates Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) for criteria weighting and the Ranking Alternatives by Perimeter Similarity (RAPS) method for evaluating disposal options under complex Pythagorean fuzzy environment. The proposed hybrid fuzzy model uniquely addresses linguistic ambiguity, expert hesitation, and conflicting criteria common in e-waste decision environments. Key criteria such as technological feasibility, environmental impact, cost, scalability, and energy use are assessed to identify the most suitable disposal strategy. Findings highlight environmental and technological factors as the most influential, with the top-ranked disposal method demonstrating strong suitability for end-of-life circuit boards. Sensitivity and comparative analyses validate the stability and reliability of the model. Overall, the study offers a practical and methodologically original decision-support tool for advancing sustainable electronic waste management.